OBJETIVO: identificar o perfil, a tendência e os determinantes da mortalidade materna por pré-eclâmpsia/eclâmpsia no estado do Paraná. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, de corte transversal sobre a mortalidade materna por pré-eclâmpsia/ eclâmpsia, no período entre 1997 e 2005. Os dados foram obtidos dos estudos de caso elaborados pelos Comitês de Mortalidade Materna, que utilizam o método Reproductive Age Mortality Survey para investigação de todos os óbitos de mulheres em idade fértil. Foram calculadas a razão de mortalidade materna (RMM) geral e a específica por pré-eclâmpsia/eclâmpsia. Para avaliar a tendência, os triênios foram comparados dois a dois considerando-se a estimação da RMM em cada triênio (p<0,05). Foram analisados 56 óbitos por pré-eclâmpsia/eclâmpsia do triênio 2003 a 2005. As variáveis analisadas foram idade, renda, escolaridade, número e complicações nas gestações, condições do pré-natal, sinais e sintomas relacionados ao agravo, via de parto, tempo de interrupção da gestação, condições do recém-nascido, acesso e tratamento, evitabilidade e medidas de prevenção. RESULTADOS: a RMM geral por triênio apresentou tendência significativa de redução, chegando a 64,3/100.000 nascidos vivos. Houve estabilidade ao longo do tempo na RMM por transtornos hipertensivos, com RMM de 11,8/100.000 nascidos vivos. As mulheres acima de 40 anos e com baixo status socioeconômico apresentaram maiores riscos às primigestas. Constatou-se, com relação ao tratamento, subutilização ou o uso inadequado de medicamentos consagrados no tratamento da pré-eclâmpsia grave e da eclâmpsia. A análise dos comitês apontou que todos os óbitos maternos por este agravo poderiam ter sido evitados. CONCLUSÕES: recomenda-se a implementação de ações voltadas à minimização do conjunto de determinantes dos óbitos por pré-eclâmpsia no Paraná, incluindo a capacitação e o monitoramento dos profissionais de saúde para aplicação dos protocolos de tratamento e a formalização de uma rede de referência ambulatorial e hospitalar qualificada para atendimento à gestação de alto risco e suas intercorrências, com vinculação das gestantes no pré-natal.Abstract PURPOSE: to identify the profile, tendency and causes of maternal death by pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in Paraná. METHODS: descriptive, transversal cohort study on maternal death by pre-eclampsia/eclampsia from 1997 to 2005. Data were obtained from case studies prepared by Maternal Death Committees that employ the Reproductive Age Mortality Survey Method to examine all the cases of death among women in fertile age. The general and specific maternal death rate (MDR) by pre-eclampsia/eclampsia were considered. To evaluate the tendency, triennial periods have been compared, two by two, taking into consideration the MDR of each period (p<0.05). In the triennial period from 2003 to 2005, 56 deaths by pre-eclampsia/eclampsia were analyzed. The variables focused were: age, income, schooling, gestation number and complications, pre-natal conditions, signs and symptoms related to the condition, delivery route, the ti...
Objective: This study examined intermediate outcomes of a faith-based prisoner reentry program by assessing how client spirituality related to client- and program-level characteristics, investigating differences between completers and terminators, and examining how religious preference, religiosity/spirituality, religious salience, and incarceration's impact on spirituality influenced program completion, satisfaction, and perceived progress. Method: The study employed independent t tests, chi-square tests, and regression models to examine the influence of predictor variables. Results: Religious preference was positively associated with progress and satisfaction. In addition, individuals reporting decreases in spirituality during prison were 34 times as likely to drop out of the program compared to those who had more positive in-prison spiritual changes. Salience, general religiosity/spirituality, and spiritual experiences did not predict outcomes. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Objective To determine the extent to which racial inequities in tooth loss and functional dentition are explained by individual socioeconomic status, smoking status and frequency/reason for the use of dental services. Methods Data came from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a nationally representative sample of community‐dwelling people aged 50 years and over. Tooth loss and functional dentition (ie 20+ natural teeth) were the outcomes. The main explanatory variable was self‐classified race. Covariates included dental visits in the past 12 months, dental visits for check‐ups only, smoking status, self‐reported chronic conditions, depression and cognitive function. Logistic regression and Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition analysis were used to estimate the share of each factor in race‐related tooth loss inequities. Results The analytical sample comprised of 7126 respondents. While the prevalence of functional dentition in White Brazilians was 37% (95% CI: 33.5;40.9), it was 29% (95% CI: 26.4;31.6) among Browns and 30% (95% CI: 25.1;35.4) among Blacks. The average number of lost teeth among Whites, Browns and Blacks were 18.7 (95% CI: 17.8;19.6), 20.4 (95% CI: 19.7;21.1) and 20.8 (95% CI: 19.5;22.0), respectively. Decomposition analysis showed that the selected covariates explained 71% of the racial inequalities in tooth loss. Dental visits in the previous year and smoking status explained nearly half of race‐related gaps. Other factors, such as per capita income, education and cognitive status, also had an important contribution to the examined inequalities. The proportion of racial inequities in tooth loss that was explained by dental visits (frequency and reason) and smoking status decreased from 40% for those 50‐59 years of age to 22% among participants aged 70‐79 years. Conclusions Frequency and reason for dental visits and smoking status explained nearly half of the racial inequity in tooth loss among Brazilian older adults. The Brazilian Family Health Strategy Program should target older adults from racial groups living in deprived areas.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between presence of depressive symptoms and risk of death in older adults residing in a municipality in Southern Brazil. Methods: Between 2009 and 2014, 1,391 people participated in the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study, a population-based longitudinal study. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the Geriatric Depression Scale. The initial time was considered the age at the first interview, and the end time, the age at the last contact or death. Cox regression models were used to estimate the mortality risk associated with depressive symptoms, adjusted by sex, education, income, paid work, smoking status, alcohol consumption, morbidities, medication use, physical activity, disability, cognitive impairment, and body mass index. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23.5% (95%CI 20.4-26.9). On crude analysis, the risk of mortality was 1.86 (95%CI 1.35-2.55) for individuals with depressive symptoms; in adjusted models, the risk of mortality was 1.67 (95%CI 1.15-2.40). Conclusion: Depressive symptoms are an independent risk factor for mortality in older Brazilian adults. Our findings highlight the importance of screening this population for depression and the practice of preventive actions.
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