The aims of this study were three-fold: First, to determine the prevalence of partial and total intrusion of the primary anterior teeth. Second, to investigate the sequelae of total and partial intrusive luxation in the primary anterior teeth and in their successors and finally, to establish whether the sequelae on both deciduous and permanent teeth were related to the child's age at the time of the intrusion. Data collected from records of 169 boys and 138 girls, all between the ages of zero and 10 years, who were undergoing treatment during the period of March 1996 to December 2004. The sample was composed of 753 traumatized deciduous teeth, of which 221 presented intrusive luxation injury. Children with ages ranging from one to 4 years were the most affected with falls being the main cause of intrusion. Of all intruded teeth 128 (57.9%) were totally intruded and 93 (42.1%) partially. Pulp necrosis/premature loss and color change were the most frequent sequelae in both total and partial intrusions. Concerning permanent dentition, the most common disturbances were color change and/or enamel hypoplasia. Both types of intrusion caused eruption disturbance. Total intrusion was the most frequent type of intrusive luxation. There was no significant correlation between the child's age at the time of intrusion and the frequency of subsequent sequela on primary injured teeth (P = 0.035), between the age at the time of injury and the developmental disturbances on permanent teeth (P = 0.140).

Excess fructose intake causes hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic insulin resistance in sedentary humans. Since exercise improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant patients, we hypothesized that it would also prevent fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the effects of exercise on circulating lipids in healthy subjects fed a weight-maintenance, high-fructose diet. Eight healthy males were studied on three occasions after 4 days of 1) a diet low in fructose and no exercise (C), 2) a diet with 30% fructose and no exercise (HFr), or 3) a diet with 30% fructose and moderate aerobic exercise (HFrEx). On all three occasions, a 9-h oral [13C]-labeled fructose loading test was performed on the fifth day to measure [13C]palmitate in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-triglycerides (TG). Compared with C, HFr significantly increased fasting glucose, total TG, TRL-TG concentrations, and apolipoprotein (apo)B48 concentrations as well as postfructose glucose, total TG, TRL-TG, and [13C]palmitate in TRL-TG. HFrEx completely normalized fasting and postfructose TG, TRL-TG, and [13C]palmitate concentration in TRL-TG and apoB48 concentrations. In addition, it increased lipid oxidation and plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations compared with HFr. These data indicate that exercise prevents the dyslipidemia induced by high fructose intake independently of energy balance.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that substituting artificially sweetened beverages (ASB) for sugarsweetened beverages (SSB) decreases intrahepatocellular lipid concentrations (IHCL) in overweight subjects with high SSB consumption. Methods: About 31 healthy subjects with BMI greater than 25 kg/m 2 and a daily consumption of at least 660 ml SSB were randomized to a 12-week intervention in which they replaced SSBs with ASBs. Their IHCL (magnetic resonance spectroscopy), visceral adipose tissue volume (VAT; magnetic resonance imaging), food intake (2-day food records), and fasting blood concentrations of metabolic markers were measured after a 4-week run-in period and after a 12-week period with ASB or control (CTRL). Results: About 27 subjects completed the study. IHCL was reduced to 74% of the initial values with ASB (N 5 14; P < 0.05) but did not change with CTRL. The decrease in IHCL attained with ASB was more important in subjects with IHCL greater than 60 mmol/l than in subjects with low IHCL. ALT decreased significantly with SSB only in subjects with IHCL greater than 60 mmol/l. There was otherwise no significant effect of ASB on body weight, VAT, or metabolic markers. Conclusions: In subjects with overweight or obesity and a high SSB intake, replacing SSB with ASB decreased intrahepatic fat over a 12-week period.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sequelae in the permanent anterior teeth following trauma in their predecessors, and also to verify the existence of association between the sequelae in the permanent teeth and the type of injury in their predecessors according to the age group at the time of injury. This study was performed based on data from the records of 169 boys and 138 girls who received assistance at the dental clinic of the State University of Rio de Janeiro from March 1996 to December 2004. The sample was collected from 753 traumatized deciduous teeth of children aged 0-10 years. The number of boys and girls with dental trauma corresponded to 55.0% and 45.0%, respectively. The more affected age period was between 1 and 4 years (75.3%). The most common type of traumatic injury was the intrusion (29.3%), followed by avulsion (14.1%). Concerning permanent dentition, the most common developmental disturbances were discoloration of enamel and/or enamel hypoplasia (46.08%) and eruption disturbances (17.97%) due to the traumatic injury in their predecessors. It was not possible to find an association between the type of injury in primary teeth and sequelae in their successors in the studied age groups (P

Supplementation with essential amino acids blunts the fructose-induced increase in IHCL but not hypertriglyceridemia. This is not because of inhibition of VLDL-[(13)C]palmitate production. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01119989.

A qualitative evaluation of the diet of a probabilistic sample of 7-10 year old schoolchildren (n = 1,232) from Florianópolis (southern Brazil) was carried out by analyzing compliance with recommendations from the Brazilian Food Guidelines. The strengths and limitations of the Previous Day Food Questionnaire (PDFQ) are also presented. Frequencies of intake were defined as how many times per day the food group was reported on the PDFQ. The percentages of schoolchildren who met the minimum recommendations and who ate foods that were not recommended in the guidelines were compared for boys versus girls, private versus public school and by family income level. Although most of the children complied with the guidelines regarding consumption of meat/fish, dry beans, sweets, and eating three meals and two snacks, only 6.5% of the children met the recommendations for cereals, and 15% for fruit and vegetables. The PDFQ was confirmed as a practical and cost-effective method for the evaluation of compliance with health promotion targets.

Fructose has always been present in our diet, but its consumption has increased markedly over the past 200 years. This is mainly due to consumption of sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup in industrial foods and beverages. Unlike glucose, fructose cannot be directly used as an energy source by all cells of the human body and needs first to be converted into glucose, lactate or fatty acids in the liver, intestine and kidney. Because of this specific two-step metabolism, some energy is consumed in splanchnic organs to convert fructose into other substrates, resulting in a lower net energy efficiency of fructose compared with glucose. A high intake of fructose-containing sugars is associated with body weight gain in large cohort studies, and fructose can certainly contribute to energy imbalance leading to obesity. Whether fructose-containing foods promote obesity more than other energy-dense foods remains controversial, however. A short-term (days-weeks) high-fructose intake is not associated with an increased fasting glycemia nor to an impaired insulin-mediated glucose transport in healthy subjects. It, however, increases hepatic glucose production, basal and postprandial blood triglyceride concentrations and intrahepatic fat content. Whether these metabolic alterations are early markers of metabolic dysfunction or merely adaptations to the specific two-step fructose metabolism remain unknown.

ResumoIntrodução: O consumo adequado de frutas, legumes e verduras é considerado um importante fator na redução da incidência de doenças cardiovasculares e determinados tipos de câncer. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência do consumo adequado de frutas, legumes e verduras e fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de adultos (N = 1.890), residentes em domicílios com linhas telefônicas fixas em Florianópolis, 2005. O desfecho foi o consumo adequado de frutas, legumes e verduras, definido pela frequência diária de cinco ou mais vezes de consumo destes alimentos. Os resultados das análises multivariáveis para associação entre consumo adequado e variáveis independentes foram expressos como razão de prevalência. Resultados: A prevalência do consumo adequado de frutas, legumes e verduras foi de 21,9% (25,0% mulheres e 18,7% homens). Entre as mulheres, maiores prevalências de consumo adequado foram associadas ao aumento da faixa etária, ao fato de não trabalhar (RP = 1,5; IC 95%: 1,1; 2,0), ter estado de saúde bom ou excelente (RP = 1,4; IC 95%: 1,0; 1,8) e ao não tabagismo (RP = 1,3; IC 95%: 1,0; 1,9). Entre os homens, maior prevalência de consumo adequado foi observada para os que relataram ser casados (RP = 1,9; IC 95%: 1,2; 3,0) e não ter excesso de peso (RP = 1,9; IC 95%: 1,3; 2,7). Em ambos os sexos o consumo adequado apresentou associação com atividade física no lazer (mulheres RP = 1,5; IC 95%: 1,2; 1,9; homens RP = 1,8; IC 95%: 1,1; 2,8). Conclusões: Intervenções visando aumentar este consumo devem levar em consideração as diferenças observadas entre os sexos. Palavras AbstractIntroduction: The adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables is regarded as an important factor for the reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and specific types of cancer. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables and associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a random sample of adults (N = 1,890) from Florianopolis (Southern Brazil), living in households with a fixed telephone line in 2005. The study outcome was the adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables defined as the frequency of consumption of five or more times/day. Multivariate analysis of the association between adequate conadequate consumption and independent variables was expressed as prevalence ratios. Results: The prevalence of adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables was 21.9% (25.0% among women and 18.7% among men). Among women, higher frequencies of adequate consumption was associated with age, not currently working (PR = 1.5; 95%CI: 1.1, 2.0), health status perceived as good or excellent (PR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.0, 1.8), and never having smoked (PR = 1.3; IC 95%: 1.0, 1.9). Men who were married (PR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.2, 3.0) and who showed no overweight (PR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.3, 2.7) were more likely to report adequate consumption. For both sexes the adequate consumption was associated with leisure time physical activity (women PR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.2, 1.9; men PR = 1....