The reuse of organic byproducts in agroforestry systems is a sustainable proposal, since, in addition to preserving the natural resources, it has allowed the fertilization of the soils, obtaining a reduction of costs with mineral fertilizers. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil after two years of successive fertilizations using cattle manure and sewage sludge in agroforestry systems. The study was conducted in Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil. The experimental design used randomized blocks on a 2 x 4 factorial (cultivation systems and fertilizations), with four repetitions. The cultivation systems were: agroforestry and monoculture systems. The fertilizations used were: cattle manure, sewage sludge, mineral fertilizer and control (no fertilization). Regardless of the cultivation system, the fertilizations with sewage sludge increases the calcium, phosphor and zinc contents of the soil, as well as the pH values, sum of bases and cation exchange capacity, at 0-10cm depth. However, the potassium contents are lower in relation to the use of mineral fertilizers, both at 0 to 10 cm depth and at 0 to 20 cm. Teak plants in agroforestry systems presents similar heights to the monoculture plants, and they are higher on fertilizations with sewage sludge. The soybean grain productivity in the agroforestry system presents similar outputs in relation to the use of sewage sludge and mineral fertilizers. Therefore, it is recommended for farmers to adopt agroforestry systems and the organic fertilization practice with sewage sludge, associating the quality of the chemical attributes of the soil, the growth of forest species and soybean grain yields.

Apesar da dimensão de área para produção de gramíneas, existem variações na sua produção e qualidade ao longo do ano (Sazonalidade), o que afeta diretamente a produção animal no Brasil. Isso faz com que os produtores busquem alternativas que amenizem esses efeitos. Uma delas é o cultivo da cana de açúcar, visto que se trata de um alimento com grande potencial para a alimentação de ruminantes. Novos cultivares são promissores para o setor, como é o caso da cana energia, uma variedade desenvolvida a partir do cruzamento de espécies ancestral e híbrido comerciais de cana de açúcar. Suas maiores vantagens são a flexibilidade, podendo ser cultivada em áreas com baixa aptidão agrícola e sua alta produção de biomassa por unidade de área, superando os cultivares tradicionais. A cana de açúcar mantém seu valor nutricional durante os meses de inverno, sendo tradicionalmente fornecida fresca aos animais. A ensilagem tem sido utilizada para evitar as operações diárias de corte e transporte da cana e pode colaborar para o aumento da produtividade e vida útil dos canaviais pela maior eficiência nos cuidados pós-colheita, como capina e fertilização. Serve ainda para evitar a perda total da forragem em casos de incêndio ou de geadas.

This study examined the quality of silage from two cultivars of energy cane (Saccharum spontaneum) produced with different additives. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with a 2×5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two cultivars (VG3, VG1126) and four additives (1% urea; 1% NaOH; 1% CaO; and 1.0 × 1011 CFU g-1 of Lactobacillus plantarum- LP) + control, with eight replicates. Experimental mini-silos were used, which were opened 72 days after ensiling. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, and silage degradability were. We identified significant interactions effect between cultivar and type of additive for DM, CP, EE, NDF. ADF. Organic and mineral matter percentage were similar between the two cultivars. LP was the least beneficial additive for DM degradation.After 72 h of fermentation, in vitro NDF degradation of cultivar VG3 increased due to urea, NaOH, and CaO, whereas degradation cultivar VG1126 decreased when inoculated with LP or CaO. The NaOH and CaO improved silage degradability thus improving its quality. The use of LP in the present study did not benefit silage for energy-cane cultivars. The use of NaOH and CaO improves the quality of the silage, two varieties of sugarcane energy VG3 and VG1126, enabling its use with better efficiency for animal feed.

This study aimed to evaluating the fermentation characteristics of millet silage, cultivar ADR500, under the inclusion of different levels of dehydrated corn grain, cob and straw (CGCS): 0, 5, 10 and 15%, ensiled after 78 days of vegetative growth. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 4 replications, totaling 16 experimental units. Was evaluated pH, buffering capacity, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, gas and effluents losses, dry matter recovery, and soluble carbohydrates. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and means were compared by 5% Tukey test. A regression analysis was performed for the inclusion levels. CGCS inclusion reduced (P<0.05) gas and effluent loss in all treatments, ranging from 6.10 to 3.48 for gases and 9.05 to 17.28 for effluents, and significantly contributed to the dry matter recovery process (DM). Buffer power values (BP), pH and ammoniacal-N were influenced (P <0.05) by the inclusion of different levels of CGCS. Levels of acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acid were influenced by treatments. Finally, soluble carbohydrate values is increased depending on the CGCS inclusion levels, proving be efficient to improve the silage fermentation profile quality.

1 Qualidade da silagem de milheto aditivada com milho desintegrado com palha e sabugo Additivated millet silage quality with crumbled corn with straw and cob Ensilaje de mijo aditivo de calidad con maíz desmenuzado con paja y mazorca

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