Розкрито зміст, структуру основних форм просторової організації цифрової економіки-цифрових технологічних платформ. Визначено особливості їх формування й розвитку На основі зарубіжного досвіду діяльності ЦТП сформовано переваги, недоліки та ризики для економічного розвитку країни, регіону, міста та ринку праці. Обґрунтовано доцільність переходу вітчизняного статистичного супроводу й оцінки діяльності ЦТП на міжнародні критерії та індекси на зразок готовності діяльності у цифровій економіці та Індексу цифрової економіки та суспільства (Digital Economy and Society Index) та Індексу готовності до провадження цифрового бізнесу з метою інтеграції до Єдиного Цифрового ринку ЄС. Оцінено особливості прояву шерінгової економіки у сфері надання послуг з кар-шерінгу та оцінено переваги й ризики імплементації такої моделі економіки у вітчизняний економічний простір. Розроблено рекомендації щодо розробки вітчизняних цифрових платформ та врегулювання їх діяльності на основі впровадження механізму державного регулювання цифрової економіки. Ключові слова: цифрова економіка, цифрова платформа, шерінгова економіка, регулювання, технологічна готовність, цифрове підприємництво, дигіталізація.
Topical issues related to the identification of factors influencing innovative transformations during the COVID-crisis have been highlighted. The aim of the study is to identify opportunities and challenges for innovative transformations and self-development in the context of the COVID-crisis. The methods of systems analysis, surveys and synthesis were used. Research data confirmed that the pandemic has not fundamentally changed the fact that the potential of breakthrough innovations continues to exist. It is not expedient for enterprises to abandon R&D and innovations, despite the current challenges. Innovative transformations require not only financial support, but also human resources and innovative ideas. According to our survey of students in 2020, it was identified that today they can be divided into those who are: 1) able to develop and try to solve problems regardless of the situation; 2) able to take advantage of opportunities but may be unable to resist threats and solve problems; 3) unable to make constructive decisions and think creatively in the COVID-crisis. To ensure progressive innovation development, the number of the first group should be the largest, and the third – the smallest. It is concluded that currently, the situation for innovative transformations is ambiguous. The paradox of imaginary and real positioning is revealed. This showed discrepancies between how potential business managers assess opportunities and respond to challenges in the COVID-crisis.
Topical issues of changing the requirements for HR managers in the labor market under the Covid crisis and digital transformation of business have been highlighted. Attention is drawn to the main responsibilities of a modern HR manager. The problems of communication interaction in the work of HR managers through the transition of employees to online or mixed mode of operation have been identified. An analysis of the supply and demand of HR managers in the labor market of different countries has been conducted. The requirements and benefits for HR manager by the sample of countries have been compared. Particular attention is paid to the work of HR-managers with expats. Distinctive characteristics of an expat in the position of HR manager have been demonstrated. In 2020-2021, the survey of HR managers has been conducted and the skills of the HR manager, which will enable him to be strategically in demand in the labor market and to contribute to the progressive development of both national and international companies have been identified. The objective of the paper is to identify transformations in the work of modern HR-managers and analysis of supply and demand for HR.
Global changes caused by the IV Industrial revolution and globalization processes resulted in a redistribution of roles of participants in innovative infrastructures of countries. Universities are leading both in terms of generating R&D products and in terms of developing business activities. Now there is a problem of insufficient methodological support of technological universities for pricing R&D products developed and prepared for transfer to the business environment. Existing methods and models do not meet the needs of the market, which is growing rapidly. At the same time, the market is characterized by a high degree of volatility. The purpose of the article is to develop a method for modelling prices for R&D products from universities to the business environment, which takes into account: the specifics of the R&D product, modern market features for this R&D product; the nature of the transfer and commercialization of this R&D product. The article identifies the factors that determine the processes of transfer, commercialization and market launch of R&D products, which affect the pricing of R&D products. Groups of characteristics that characterize systematize these factors: 1) consumer value of R&D product; 2) market susceptibility of R&D product; 3) transfer and commercialization processes of R&D product. Justified a number of factor attributes within the formed groups and assigned them the values of linguistic terms for adjusting the price of R&D product using fuzzy set theory algorithms. The method takes into account elements of cost, revenue and comparative estimation approaches. The method makes it possible to adjust prices for R&D products, taking into account heterogeneous features in the composition of R&D products and compare them with market analogues of R&D products. This contributes to achieving a higher level of pricing accuracy for R&D products when they are transferred from the university to the business environment. The resulting prices are compared with market prices for competitive analogues, which makes it possible to determine the scenario of transfer and commercialization of R&D product; justify the strategy of market development of R&D product; increase the level of manoeuvrability of pricing management for R&D product. The model was tested on a number of R&D products developed at Lviv Polytechnic National University (Ukraine). Application of the proposed method is advisable in the short-and medium-term forecasting period.
The article provides insights into the role of exhibitions in managing innovative development of enterprises in various industries, with or without consideration of risks posed by the COVID crisis. Based on the results of previous research, the findings reveal that the process of innovation development management should involve management decisions made both on each of its structural elements separately and overall. An emphasis is put that the choice of company innovative development strategy and its market promotion strategy for products / services affect the significance and relevance of company exhibition participation as well as the need to plan the exhibition participation costs. The results of the survey of managers and executives in various sectors of the economy who participated in exhibitions during 2019-2020 demonstrate that these costs might also depend on the exhibition objectives and the formats perceived by managers within the overall plan of company innovative development management. The study discusses the major exhibition participation goals in the framework of implementing alternative strategies of enterprise innovative development along with providing evidence that exhibition participation is of the highest priority in case of implementing a novel strategy, and the lowest – in case of using a retro-innovation strategy. The case studies from the selected companies of consumer goods industries presented the goals and a brief description of the specifics of their participation in exhibitions in the process of managing their innovative development. The conclusion has verified that the exhibition participation priorities in the process of enterprise innovative development management vary significantly subject to industry affiliation and the selected strategy for innovative development as well as may result from various restrictions imposed by a pandemic, in particular. Apart from the above, the findings have identified the risks of exhibition activities during the COVID period and outlined anticipated trends of change in business decisions as to exhibition participation. It is argued that online exhibitions have proved a good alternative to traditional exhibitions activities, however they challenge the application of advanced digital technologies. The results of this study can be used to enhance enterprise innovative development management practices.
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