Research has been carried out on the use of the symbiotic “Rumimaster” in balanced diets of highly productive cows in the conditions of the breeding plant “Kirovskaya meadow-bog experimental station”. The experiment was carried out on two groups of animals in the middle of lactation with a duration of 90 days. The inclusion of the feed additive “Rumimaster” in the diet of experienced cows contributed to an increase in the gross production of natural and 4% fat milk by 124.5 kg and 128.4 kg, the yield of milk fat and milk protein by 5.2 and 4.1 kg, respectively. … The differences between the groups for these parameters were in the range of 5.1-5.7%. The productivity of cows for 305 days of lactation in the experimental group was higher than in the control by 7.5%. The symbiotic “Rumimaster” promoted the activation of digestion processes, which was reflected in the increase in the time of feed consumption and the duration of the chewing gum. The cows of the experimental group showed an increase in the level of digestibility of the main nutrients. In terms of the digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber, the experimental group of cows significantly exceeded the indicators of the control group by 3.3 and 3 absolute percent, respectively. The blood biochemical parameters of the animals of the experimental and control groups were within the physiological norm. The economic evaluation of the research results showed the effectiveness of the use of the symbiotic “Rumimaster” in the diets of lactating cows, which was expressed in the receipt of additional profit from one cow in the amount of 1,344.79 rubles for the period of experience and an increase in the profitability of milk production by 2.1 absolute percent.
The results of studies on the use of the symbiotic rumistart in the diets of cows during milking. The effect of feed additives on animal productivity and health indicators is established.
The nitrogen content was determined in acid-detergent fiber (ADF) isolated from awnless rump, meadow fescue and meadow timothy, depending on the phase of their the same phases are for silage and haylage. Samples for analyzes were dried at a temperature of 60-65 ° C. As the grasses grew, an increase in the content of CDC in them was observed, which was also accompanied by an increase in ADF from the phase of entering the tube to flowering in timothy grass - from 1.18 to 1.36%, in meadow fescue - from 0.96 to 1.58 5%. When preserving grasses, an increase in the content of CDC is observed in all phases of their growth as compared to the original grass, but the mass fraction of ADF in the dry matter of silage and haylage was no more than in the original grass. If the technology of harvesting silage and haylage is observed, the level of thermal damage to these forages does not increase. With the growth of grasses from the vegetative phase to flowering, the content of SP in grasses and forages from them decreases, while the proportion of ADF in it increases. The inverse relationship between these indicators had correlation coefficients of 0.83, 0.88 and 0.92 for grasses, silage and haylage, respectively. The need to harvest them in earlier phases of growth is noted.
The results of studies on the nutritional behavior of animals when polysaccharides are included in the diet are presented. Establishment of the effect of energy feed supplement on nutritional activity and increase in milk production of cows.
The paper presents a technology for obtaining dried silos prepared from herbs of legume-cereal mixtures, which ensures maximum preservation of nutrients and high quality of feed. The chemical composition and nutritional content of feed, the norms for the introduction of tested silos into the main feeding diet, and the dose for the introduction of an energy feed additive were determined. Based on the balance sheet experience, the digestibility of the main nutrients was calculated, the hematological and biochemical status of blood was revealed, the productivity and quality of first-calf milk was estimated, and feed costs for the production of 1 kg of milk were established.
The results of long-term research on the use of drained lowland peat and developed soils in feed production in the North-East of the European part of Russia are presented. The main agroecological technologies for the production of high-quality feed in soil-protective crop rotations, long-term pastures on drained low-lying peat soils and methods for using developed peatlands in intensive haymaking mode are proposed.
The ratios of pea and barley seeds for growing in mixed crops for the purpose of preparing juicy feed and obtaining grain fodder in the conditions of low-lying peatlands of the North-East of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia are determined. Heat treatment of grain fodder from peas and barley in a ratio of 50:50 at a coolant temperature of 1100 C a duration of 30 minutes, as well as preservation of silage with LMAC (low molecular acid concentrate) reduced the solubility and cleavability of raw protein in the rumen, contributed to an increase in the use of nitrogen and energy for productive purposes when feeding lactating cows. Feeding of pea and barley silage processed with LMAC in the ratio (25:75) and processed grain mixture (50:50) as part of the main feeding diet of new – bodied cows increased the use of nitrogen taken – by 5.29%, digested-by 8.27 %. During the experiment period, the average daily milk yield of natural milk in the control group averaged 21.18 kg, in II-23.06 and in III – 25.49 kg. The difference in favor of the experimental group III was 4.31 kg (p < 0.05), and in II – 1.88 kg (p < 0.05) or 11.89 and 3.29%, respectively, in terms of 4% milk, the difference was 5.06 and 2.19 kg or 25.08 and 10.86 %. At the same time, the costs of exchange energy for obtaining 1 kg of milk with 4% fat content decreased by 10%, raw protein by more than 7 %.
В статье представлены материалы, характеризующие основные способы консервирования люцерны, такие как заготовка на сено, сенаж и силос. Консервирование — это процесс создания условий, которые подавляют рост и активность патогенных микроорганизмов. Люцерна важна для животных из-за высокого содержания белка и аминокислот, но нуждается в эффективных методах консервирования с тем, чтобы использоваться крупным рогатым скотом в течение всего года. В обзорной статье авторами отмечается важность заготовки кормов в оптимальные сроки созревания растений для снижения уровня сырой клетчатки и повышения переваримости питательных веществ. По данным зарубежных исследователей, большое значение для сохранности питательных веществ корма имеет содержание влаги: в сене — не более 15%, в силосе — 45–65% и в сенаже — 35–40%. В настоящем обзоре представлены сведения о важности использования при заготовке корма консервантов, таких как бактериальные инокулянты и химические вещества, для ингибирования нежелательных микроорганизмов. В статье рассматривается значительное влияние люцерны и кормов из неё в качестве единственного корма на увеличение потребления сухого вещества, переваримость питательных веществ, прирост живой массы, утилизацию азота, удой молока, более полноценный состав жирных кислот в мышцах животных, а также на значительное снижение выбросов СН4 и снижение риска развития руминального ацидоза. Люцерна — наиболее перспективный корм для животных, поэтому основное внимание следует уделять факторам, влияющим на процесс консервирования и использования консервантов для лучшей сохранности питательных веществ. This article deals with the production of hay, haylage and silage from alfalfa. Preservation is a process preventing growth and activity of pathogenic flora. Alfalfa is a valuable crop due to high concentrations of protein and amino acids. However, effective preservation techniques are required allowing its availability throughout the year. To reduce crude fiber content and increase nutrient digestibility plant material should be harvested at optimal times. According to foreign literature water content has the most significant impact on feed nutritional value: in hay — up to 15%, silage — 45–65%, haylage — 35–40%. Bacterial strains and chemicals have the ability to inhibit the spread of pathogenic microorganisms and are the most common preservatives. Including alfalfa in livestock diet positively affects dry matter consumption, nutrient digestibility, weight gain, nitrogen utilization, milk yield, fatty acid composition in muscles but at the same time significantly reduces СН4 emission and the risk of ruminal acidosis. Alfalfa is the promising forage and therefore, its preservation needs to be accurately performed to maintain its nutritional value.
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