From ancient times, plants and plant derived products are exploited as a prominent source of folkloric medicines with tremendous therapeutic potential for an array of health disorders. In the present study, ethanolic leaf extract of and were evaluated for free radical scavenging activity in model system. and showed tremendous DPPH free radical scavenging potential with an IC value of 184.88 and 305.39 µg/mL respectively at a concentration of 500 µg/mL. The ethanolic leaf extract of and also showed significant hydoxyl radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid was used as positive control. The in vitro antioxidant activity was further supported by in vivo studies using radical scavenging mechanism in wild type and its isogenic deletion strains and . The mutant yeast cells substantially scavenged the stress generated by HO when supplemented with ethanolic leaf extract of and as evident from spot assays followed by fluorescence assay (DCF-DA) using fluorescence microscopic and intensity studies. and significantly neutralize the ROS level in yeast mutants with concomitant decrease in fluorescence intensity as compared to the untreated yeast cells. The results suggested the efficacy of and as potent antioxidants in yeast system and thus their futuristic applications in therapeutics.

Background and Objectives:The most common oral potentially malignant disorder is leukoplakia with its microscopic picture varying from simple hyperkeratosis to severe epithelial dysplasia. Numerous grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) have been reported over the years. However, inter-and intra-observer variations in the grading of OED are also well documented. The present study aimed at reducing interobserver variability in grading OED using an algorithm. The objectives were to review H and E stained sections of normal oral mucosal samples and cases of OED, by manual and by photographic methods. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 cases (n = 50) constituted the study material. 10 cases of normal oral mucosa and 40 histopathologically confirmed cases of oral leukoplakia (both dysplastic and non-dysplastic) were retrieved from the archives of the department. Slides were reviewed by manual and by photographic methods. Five observers had participated in the study. Results: Substantial agreement was found between the observers in grading OED (both by manual and by photographic methods). Interpretation and Conclusions: An algorithm may be used as a tool to reduce the subjectivity of OED grading.

Background: Xylene is used as a clearing and dewaxing agent during routine tissue processing in histopathology laboratories. Despite its excellent clearing property, xylene is associated with adequate amount of toxicity. Therefore, various substitutes for xylene such as mineral oil and vegetable oil mixtures have been explored and are well documented in English literature. Aims and Objectives: This study had aimed at assessing the efficacy of bleached vegetable oil as a clearing and a dewaxing agent. The objectives were to compare the clearing ability of bleached vegetable oil with that of xylene. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 normal oral mucosal samples (n = 12) were cut into pairs forming two groups -Group A tissues (n = 12) were processed in xylene and Group B tissues (n = 12) were processed in bleached vegetable (palm) oil. The parameters such as transparency of the tissues, nuclear and cytoplasmic staining were assessed between the two groups. Results: Tissues from both the study groups were transparent and had yielded good serial sections; adequate nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was observed in 91.7% of sections treated with bleached palm oil.