The use of different feed processing methods using exogenous feed additives to improve the digestibility of plant feed ingredients in pig feeding has been studied for decades. In the research laboratory of the Institute of Forage and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS, compositions of enzymes with cellulase and amylase activity were studied. They are able to effectively break down non-starch polysaccharides in cereals, increase digestibility and absorption of feed nutrients. The purpose of this work was to study the zootechnical efficiency of the use of biologically active in the composition of feed pigs for fattening. In the presented material, the influence of feeding cellulose amylolytic enzyme additive on the productive qualities of pigs for fattening is highlighted. The cellulose amylolytic additive contained α-amylase with an activity of 9342 IU/h and cellulase with an activity of 540 IU/h. Studies in pigs were performed in two stages: the equalization period (15 days) and the main (71 days). For feeding pigs, a feed mixture was used, consisting of feed grown directly on the farm – barley, wheat, soybeans. The diet of the control group consisted of 63 % barley grain, 27.5 % wheat grain, 9 % soybean meal 0.5 % mineral supplement. Pigs of the experimental group were fed cellulose amylolytic feed additive at the rate of 5 g of cellulase and 1 g of amylase per 1 kg of feed. Feeding supplements determines the intensity of the process of digestion of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Cellulose-amylolytic additive affects the absorption of carbohydrates in the diet, providing an increase in the digestibility of the control and experimental groups, respectively, neutral-detergent fiber (38.2 and 46.7 %), acid-detergent fiber (18.7 and 36.5 %), the amount easily hydrolyzed carbohydrates (85.4 and 90.2 %), hemicellulose (65.7 and 61.5 %), cellulose (13.2 and 21.4 %). The decision on the feasibility of including cellulose-amylolytic additive in the diet can be confirmed on the basis of its use during the scientific and economic experiment. In the control group, the average daily increase in live weight was 725.07 g, and in the experimental group by 19.7 % more at the level of 902.53 g. It was also noted a positive effect on the formation of body biomass, development of individual organs and their systems.
Purpose. Creation of enzyme preparations, composed of amylase and cellulase and their use in rations of fattening pigs, aimed at increasing productive action and digestibility of the main nutrients of feed. Methods. In the process of the research general scientific methods were used: deduction, scientific hypothesis and abstraction. Specific methods were used for the laboratory research: zootechnical analysis, liquid chromatography method, spectrophotometry, titrometry, balance experiments were performed as well. Methods of variation statistics and the program Statistica 7.0 were used to process the obtained experimental data. Results. The best results were revealed in the fourth balance experiment. It was found that in terms of productivity, the consumption of 5 g of cellulase and 1 g of amylase in the main diet, increases the average daily gain of animals by 21.5% (P<0,01) compared to the control. The level of feed conversion increased due to a decrease in the costs of digestible protein by 19.4%, IVF and metabolic energy – by 4.1%. Thus, the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter increased by 6%, organic matter by – 5.7 %, crude protein by – 5.7% (P<0,05), crude fat – by 11.7%, crude fiber – by 32% (P<0,05), nitrogen-free extractives – by 3.3% compared to the control. Conclusions. Based on the increase in productivity and increase in the level of digestibility of feed nutrients, the efficiency and optimal norms of amylase and cellulase-based enzymes introduction have been established. The use of new enzyme supplements for pigs feeding made from domestic raw materials and the study of the effect of enzyme composition in the dosage of 5 g of cellulase and 1 g of amylase per 1 kg of feed on productive, nutritional, clinical, morphological, immunological parameters of pigs requires further study.
Purpose. To investigate the active effect of α-amylase, cellulase, neutral protease on the release of essential nutrients in vitro in the incubation medium. The task is to determine the effect of enzyme preparations on the in vitro decomposition of feed nutrients. Methods. In the process of the research general scientific methods were used: deduction, scientific hypothesis and abstraction. Methods of zootechnical analysis and active action of feed enzymes were used to determine the chemical composition of feed. Results. Solving the problem of improving the efficiency of digestion and assimilation of nutrients and biologically active substances of feed, clarifying the conditions, nature of processes and mechanisms that determine the intensity of digestion of feed in the digestive tract, is crucial in improving production efficiency. Studies have shown that the incubation of feed with different enzyme compositions had positive results. Due to the action of enzyme compositions including α-amylase, cellulase, neutral protease in different proportions, a positive effect of incubation of feed substrate on the content of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, nitrogen-free extractives has been achieved. The nutritional value of compound feed (digestible protein, metabolic energy) after the introduction of enzyme compositions was determined by the calculation method. Conclusions. These data indicate a positive effect of different compositions of enzymes of cellulase, α-amylase and neutral protease on the level of the breakdown of essential nutrients in feed in vitro. The most effective result was found in the combination of feed with an enzyme composition in the amount of 5 g of cellulase, 1 g of α-amylase, 1 g of neutral protease, which leads to a decrease of crude fiber content by 3.1% compared to the control. Instead, the content of crude protein increased by 2.0%, crude fat – by 0.4%, crude ash – by 0.5%, BER – by 0.2% compared to the control. There are positive changes in nutritional value, digestible protein – by 9.4%, metabolic energy – by 2.9% compared to the control.
Purpose. To analyze the chemical composition of medicinal herbs, namely: sage (Salvia officinalis), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), calendula (Calendula officinalis), Echinacea purpurea and to identify factors that contribute to the growth of productivity of agricultural animals and poultry. Methods. Monitoring, chemical analysis, regression methods. Results. Medicinal plants, through herbal supplements in feed, positively effect the digestibility of feed nutrients: stimulation of saliva, secretion of enzymes of gastric and pancreatic juices; increasing the activity of hydrolytic enzymes; increasing the volume of villi and the depth of the crypts of the intestinal wall. Different types of medicinal plant raw materials were studied as to the following indicators: total Nitrogen, which characterizes the protein complex, carbohydrate and lipid fractions, mineral residue (Phosphorus, Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Copper), carotene and fat-soluble vitamins. It was found that the content of total Nitrogen in the studied medicinal plants was 1.4-2.0%, which in terms of crude protein made up 9.0-12.2%. Non-starch polysaccharides contained 14.2-26.0%, the amount of easily hydrolyzed carbohydrates was 57.0-67.2%. The studied medicinal plants contained a high amount of carotene: 204.3 mg/kg – in calendula, 156.4 mg/kg – in chamomile, 637.4 mg/kg – in sage, 174.6 mg/kg – in echinacea. Conclusions. The study of the detailed chemical composition of medicinal herbs will allow to include them into the animal diet in the form of dry compositions or extracts that will promote better consumption of nutrients by animals, and will make possible more efficient use of available feed resources, causing better productive effect, thus enabling healthy livestock rearing, genetic potential realization, productivity increase.
Purpose. To study how the content of the main nutrients, the amount and ratio of structural and nonstructural carbohydrates in the green mass of alfalfa changes during the process of growth and development. To establish a phase in which the produced feed will have high feed and biological value. Methods. Sampling was carried out in accordance with the State Standard of Ukraine (SSU) ISO 6497:2005, determination of the content of moisture and other volatile substances – SSU ISO 6496:2005, nitrogen and crude protein – SSU 7169:2010, crude fat – SSU ISO 6492:2003, fiber – SSU 8844: 2019, raw ash – SSU ISO 5984:2004, carbohydrate-lignin complex (sugars, hemicellulose, cellulose) – SSU 7982:2015, neutral detergent fiber – SSU ISO 16472, acid detergent fiber and lignin – SSU ISO 13906:2013, starch – SSU ISO 6493:2008. Results. During alfalfa green mass growth and development, the content of dry matter increases gradually from 15% to 25%, the content of crude protein in it decreases from 26% to 13%, and crude fiber increases from 15% to 38%, the content and composition of nitrogen-free extractives change. In the phase of branching, the cellulose content is 12%, in the phase of full flowering – 24.6%, during beans development – 30.6%. The lignin content increases from 2.3% to 14.4%, that is, more than six times. The feeding value, expressed in the feed unit indicator, decreases from 0.9 to 0.79, and the exchangeable energy in the phase of budding and the beginning of flowering is at the level of 9.5 MJ. Conclusions. The green mass of alfalfa in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering is a valuable raw material for the production of feeds (hay, silage, granulated feed, grass flour, etc.), since the yield of the crop in this phase is still high, the crude protein content is at the 20% level, the amount of easily hydrolyzed carbohydrates is 14%, the amount of structural carbohydrates is still at the 30.0% level. The calculated feeding value of green mass is higher than the feeding value of the produced hay in terms of feed units by only 3.5%, digestible protein by 11%, and exchangeable energy by 2.6%.
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