It has been studied that during the growth and development the content of protein and soluble carbohydrates in the green mass of a mixture of triticale and Hungarian vetch reduces and the content of fiber, i.e. structural carbohydrates, increases. The content of crude fat tends to decrease and the content of crude ash increases. Nutritional value of the mixture in the phase of triticale stem elongation and Hungarian vetch budding corresponds to the rate of 0.84 feed units and 9.11 MJ of exchange energy, which is relatively high. This phase is best suited for the use of the mixture, since the nutritional values are still high and the volume of green mass is already high. The digestibility coefficients of soluble carbohydrates, starch, hemicellulose and cellulose are the highest in this phase. Whereas in the phase of triticale tillering and Hungarian vetch blooming, the digestibility of hemicellulose reduces 1.1 times, cellulose 1.7 times, and lignin more than 3 times.
Purpose. To investigate and analyze the content of the essential nutrients, different carbohydrate fractions and nutritional value of green mass and prepared alfalfa hay of different harvests Methods. There were used Keldal’s method to determine crude protein content, Henneberg and Stoman’s method to determine crude gluten content, extraction method to determine crude fat content, the method of dry ashing to determine crude ash content, to investigate the content of the essential nutrients and nutritional value of alfalfa green mass of different harvests and the hay produced from it. The polarimetric method was been used to determine the content of starch and sugar and study the composition of the carbohydrate-lignin complex of alfalfa green mass and hay. Indices of neutral-detergent and acid-detergent gluten were determined according to the detergent analysis scheme. Results. Alfalfa green mass has its specific characteristics, but weather conditions have a significant effect on the content and ratio of structural carbohydrates. As a rule, the first harvesting is conducted in the budding phase in the first decade of May, the second one in the second decade of June, and the third one in the second decade of July. The latter tends to increase sugar content and the amount of easily soluble carbohydrates, and the content of hemicellulose reduces by 20—40 %. The fourth harvesting is carried out in the second decade of August and its green mass has fewer easily soluble carbohydrates, especially starch and the highest content of cellulose and lignin. Crude protein content in it is 18.97 % less and the index of crude and neutral detergent gluten content is higher on average by 20 %. Indices of non-nitrogen-extractive substances and nonstructural carbohydrates are, on the contrary, lower by 3—7 and 5—10 %, respectively. As for inorganic substances and lipids, their content is practically the same. Nutritional value is expressed in feed units on the same level in alfalfa green mass of the first three harvests and the fourth one is lower by 3—5 %. The exchange energy is also the lowest in the green mass of the fourth harvest on average by 3.7 %. Drying of alfalfa green mass in accordance with the technology provides high quality, nutrient-rich hay in which crude protein content is lower, compared with the green mass recalculated into absolute dry matter, and indicators that characterize structural carbohydrates are, on the contrary, higher.
Purpose. Creation of enzyme preparations, composed of amylase and cellulase and their use in rations of fattening pigs, aimed at increasing productive action and digestibility of the main nutrients of feed. Methods. In the process of the research general scientific methods were used: deduction, scientific hypothesis and abstraction. Specific methods were used for the laboratory research: zootechnical analysis, liquid chromatography method, spectrophotometry, titrometry, balance experiments were performed as well. Methods of variation statistics and the program Statistica 7.0 were used to process the obtained experimental data. Results. The best results were revealed in the fourth balance experiment. It was found that in terms of productivity, the consumption of 5 g of cellulase and 1 g of amylase in the main diet, increases the average daily gain of animals by 21.5% (P<0,01) compared to the control. The level of feed conversion increased due to a decrease in the costs of digestible protein by 19.4%, IVF and metabolic energy – by 4.1%. Thus, the coefficients of digestibility of dry matter increased by 6%, organic matter by – 5.7 %, crude protein by – 5.7% (P<0,05), crude fat – by 11.7%, crude fiber – by 32% (P<0,05), nitrogen-free extractives – by 3.3% compared to the control. Conclusions. Based on the increase in productivity and increase in the level of digestibility of feed nutrients, the efficiency and optimal norms of amylase and cellulase-based enzymes introduction have been established. The use of new enzyme supplements for pigs feeding made from domestic raw materials and the study of the effect of enzyme composition in the dosage of 5 g of cellulase and 1 g of amylase per 1 kg of feed on productive, nutritional, clinical, morphological, immunological parameters of pigs requires further study.
Abstract. The availability and use of feed that enters the body of pigs depends on the amount and ratio of nutrients in it. Purpose. To determine the effect of different ratios of structural carbohydrates on pig productivity and digestibility of essential nutrients. Methods. Balance experiments were performed on pigs using the diets with nutrients level that corresponded to the need and the norm, and almost the same content of fiber, which differed in structural composition. Indicators of the content of basic nutrients, crude, neutral-detergent and acid-detergent fiber, as well as the ratio of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin in it were taken into account. The indicators were determined according to the methods of zootechnical analysis. Results. The chemical composition of various bran, hay flour and prepared rations has been studied. It has been confirmed that the lignin content is the lowest in the corn bran and the highest in the barley one, with the highest amount of hemicellulose, a structural carbohydrate that is best broken down by enzymes. The composition of their carbohydrate-lignin complexes and the ratio of their structural carbohydrates have been studied. It was found that the productivity of pigs using fiber in their diet, which is characterized by 12% higher hemicellulose content and 31% lower lignin one, is 46% more than in the control group. It is proved that the introduction of wheat and barley bran, hay flour in the diets of fattening pigs weighing more than 75 kg is economically feasible, given the structural composition of fiber. The average daily gain will be 672 g with the inclusion in the diet of a mineral supplement that will provide the body of animals with all the necessary nutrients. Conclusions. The productivity of pigs largely depends on the content and composition of fiber in their diet. In the period when the live weight of fattening pigs reaches 75 kg, and by the end of fattening (120-130 kg), it is economically feasible to introduce bran into the diet, which implies mandatory control of the content and composition of fiber.
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