This paper is devoted to the history of exploration of sintezed and natural gas hydrate. Academic, engineering and energy periods of the history of gas hydrates studies are described. The most significant researches in this area are described. The main practical projects in the world for the study and production of gas hydrates are reviewed.
dePendenCe of the drillinG SPeed on the friCtionAl forCeS on the CutterS of the roCk-CuttinG tool Purpose. Forecasting the deepening in one revolution and the mechanical drilling speed, taking into account the decrease in the actual axial load due to the action of the frictional force. Methodology. The analytical model of the vertical and horizontal displacements of the indenter along the surface of the rock has been improved. It is detailed with reference to drilling of boreholes with crowns of cutting type taking into account the reduced actual axial load, acting on the cutter, on rocks with physical and mechanical properties. findings. It is established that during the drilling, the true axial load is less than the nominal load due to the fric tional force arising on the front of the tool. The oneturn and the mechanical drilling speed are predicted taking into account the decrease in the actual axial load due to the action of the vertical friction force. It has been revealed that as the width of the tool is reduced, the axial load losses increase due to friction forces, and the deepening per rotation and the drilling speed decrease more intensively. originality. For the first time, the influence of the frictional force, which appears on the front of the tool of the rock cutting tool on the true axial load, the depression in one turn and the mechanical drilling speed, is shown. New ana lytical dependencies are proposed that allow one to predict the depth per one revolution and the mechanical drilling speed taking into account the design of the rock cutting tool and the geological and technical conditions of dri lling. Practical value. The developed model of the interaction of cutting allows predicting the results of the application of various designs and technologies for the development of a rocksensing tool more reliably, as well as choosing ra tional technologies for their application to achieve maximum technical and economic indicators. keywords: drilling of wells, destruction of rocks, rock cutting tool, carbide crown, perforation in one turn, mechanical drilling speed
SoMe feaTureS of DrillinG TeChnoloGY wiTh PDC BiTS Purpose. Improving the technology of drilling wells with blade bits by establishing patterns of interaction in a pair of "cutter rock" to find out the causes the "hanging" blade bits over the central part of the bottom hole and develop recommendations for eliminating. Methodology. The tasks were solved by a comprehensive research method, which includes analysis and synthesis of literature and patent sources, analytical studies of existing rotary drilling models to solve the problem of "hanging" of the blade bit. findings. It has been established that the distribution of axial load on rock cutting elements depending on the distance from the center of the blade bits is extremely uneven: the incisors located on the periphery of the bit edges experience the smallest load, and the incisors located in the central part of the bit are the most stressed. originality. It was shown for the first time that the "hanging" of the bit over the central part of the face is caused by the redis tribution of axial load along the bit blades from the minimum value at the periphery of the blades to its sharp increase to the bit axis to compensate for the decrease in the path travelled by the bit in this zone. For the first time, it was proposed to perform blade bits with sharpened blades along a radius, and to destroy the resulting core with a special device. Practical value. As a result of the research, recommendations have been developed for the design of a fundamentally new design of the blade bit, which will not "hang" over the central part of the face during the drilling process. This design of the blade bit can reduce the energy intensity of drilling.
Purpose. Development of a methodology for optimizing the technological parameters of the airlift operation, based on the analysis of the pressure balance in the annulus and in the drill string that occurs during drilling. Methodology. The tasks were solved by a complex research method, which includes a review and generalization of literary and patent sources, analytical studies on existing methods for optimizing the technological parameters of drilling with reverse circulation using an airlift. Findings. It has been established that in the study on the airlift circulation method during rotary drilling with reverse circulation, an important role is played by the analysis of the pressure balance arising in the course of drilling in the annulus and in the drill string. It takes into account both hydrostatic pressures and pressure losses for pumping water and water-air mixture. A technique has been developed for assessing the effect of rate of penetration on circulation parameters. Originality. For the first time, it has been shown that the analysis of the pressure balance makes it possible to establish, with a given accuracy, the average effective values of the output parameters: the density of the water-air mixture, its upward flow rate, and the air flow rate at a given velocity of the upward flow of water as it approaches the mixer. Practical value. The proposed technique makes it possible to establish the dependence of the values of the output parameters on the depth of the well, as well as the required compressor performance to provide a given drilling fluid flow rate.
Introduction. Computer programs (CP) are one of the newest objects of intellectual property. Neither the norms of copyright or patent law, nor attempts to develop separate legislation have enabled creating a legal mechanism that would not cause significant complaints from stakeholders. Problem Statement. An analysis of the historical factors that led to the choice of different approaches to the legal protection of computer programs enables to better understand the system in each country, to choose the most appropriate ways to acquire the rights and protection of these objects of intellectual property, to defend their property and non-property rights, and to look for new, more reasonable and efficient ways of solving problems in this field. Purpose. To study the world history of the formation and development of legal protection of computer software by the rules of copyright and patent law. Materials and Methods. Critical review of literary sources on intellectual property and computer science, comparative analysis of international and national legislation of various countries, study of judicial practice that has had the greatest impact on the practical solution to the problem of protecting computer programs. Results. The main stages in the history of the development and formation of ways of legal protection of computer programs have been identified and characterized. Intellectual property and computer sciences materials, international and national legislation of different countries, jurisprudence, the most important historical events and outstanding inventions in this field have been analyzed. The dominant position of the computer program copyright protection has been established not always to correspond with the rights and interests of their authors who increasingly support the introduction of alternati¬ve, patent and legal protection of computer programs by special legislation rather than by the precedent law. Conclusions. It has been proposed to introduce a hybrid copyright-patent way of CP legal protection, which would combine the advantages of both methods, as a compromise solution to the problem of competition between the CP legal protection by means of the copyright and patent law.
Purpose. Formalization of the main stages and methods of project portfolio formation for a metallurgical enterprise, taking into account the strategy of its sustainable development.Methodology. To characterize each element and the subsequent presentation of the corresponding weight indicator, based on which the selection of portfolio components will be performed, the classical method of hierarchy analysis is used. This method allows assessing the priorities of sustainable development of the enterprise relative to its general goal.findings. A development portfolio model has been presented that combines three elements in the interaction: economics, technology, and environmental analysis. Each of these elements is characterized by five criteria. Based on the hierarchy analysis method, it is reasonable to evaluate each of the potential components to justify their inclusion in the portfolio by integrated assess ment. The sequence of stages of the methodology for selecting projects to the portfolio of sustainable development of a metallurgi cal enterprise is described. To determine the innovativeness of projects, criteria are proposed that characterize their suitability.originality. A fundamentally new model of the development portfolio has been proposed, combining three elements in the interaction: economy, technology and environmental analysis. For the first time, criteria have been proposed for determining the innovativeness of projects that characterize the suitability of technologies for the particularities of the enterprise. A new method of forming an enterprise development portfolio using the hierarchy analysis method is presented.Practical value. As a result of the research to form the basis of project proposals, experimental training was conducted for mid level personnel of a metallurgical enterprise. After conducting preliminary studies, a database of project proposals was formed for the sustainable development portfolio of the enterprise.
Purpose. To represent the approach to estimating the cost of commercial transfer of integral intangible system (technology) as opposed to the set of assessments of separate intellectual property right objects. Methodology. To determine the estimation of the cost of integral intangible system (technology), we use the model approach involving formulas by the algorithm of investments in the development of innovative technology taking into account the cost and result reduction to the time factor, carried out and received before and after the target year (period) using the discount rate. Findings. The presented model approach to estimating the cost of commercial transfer of innovative technology is regarded not as separate intellectual property right objects, but as full cost estimating where the object of estimated cost is property right to integral intangible system (technology), which essentially simplifies the calculations of cost estimating the intellectual property rights of technology transfer and creates opportunities for the implementation of innovative technical and technological project of new generation production, associated with an integral intangible system (technology) aimed at making a profit (income). Originality. A new approach proposed to estimating the cost of the innovative technology commercial transfer that is an integral intangible system as a set of scientific and engineering knowledge turned into work methods and equipment, sets of production material factors, types of their combination to create a particular product or service. It leads to obtaining synergetic effect on the results of innovative product sales represented as profit (income). The important condition of the estimated cost of technology object property right is its quantitative value for the consumer, when the quantitative appraisal becomes identical (equivalent) to the value of material embodiment of technology object or a carrier presented in an objective form i.e. available for perception by others. Practical value. The proposed model approach to estimating the cost of the property rights to integral intangible system (technology) simplifies the calculation of the value of the developed or implemented innovative technology (-ies) aimed at creating and implementing new generation production in the real economics sector that will increase efficiency and lead to pumping up the countrys budget.
Purpose. Providing general characteristics, types and concepts of legal relations in the coal mine methane industry (CMM industry), revealing specific features of coalbed methane as an object of international, European and constitutional legal relations caused by its natural dichotomy as a harmful substance greenhouse gas, on the one hand, and material and/or energy resource a mineral of national importance, on the other. Methodology. During the research, general and special research methods such as dialectical, comparative legal, formal-legal, formal logical, comparative, system structural and system functional methods were used. Findings. It is proposed to differentiate economic activity in coal mine methane industry into types corresponding to the specifics of content, object composition and the legislation field regulating it. It is established that for mining and subsoil legal relations in the CMM industry, subsoil, mining and subsoil mining objects can act as generic objects in which coal mine methane to be extracted is concentrated. The authors understanding of the moment of transferring property to coal mine methane is reasoned, as well as its consideration as an object of law of property various forms, based on the connection of methane with subsoil. The main features of coalbed methane as a direct subject of constitutional and legal relations and as an object of international and European legal relations are determined. Originality. The classification of types of legal relations in CMM industry of the general level, based on the natural dichotomy of coal mine methane, has been developed. Definitions of legal relations in CMM industry, environmental safety of objects of legal relations in CMM industry, as well as the features of coalbed methane as part of the property of the Ukrainian people, world climate policy and European green course. Practical value. The practical significance of the results consists in the possibility of using them in research and educational activities by scientists and researchers in higher education, lawmaking, law enforcement and judicial practice in the process of improving national legislation, investigating and reviewing legal cases in the field of using and emitting coal mine methane.
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