Statement of the Problem. One of the main means of military equipment used in combat operations is armored vehicles and motor vehicles. In this regard, one of the urgent tasks of supporting and restoring the state's combat effectiveness is to equip the Armed Forces of Ukraine with new and upgraded armored vehicles and automobiles. The development and production of modern armored vehicles is closely linked to a full cycle of theoretical and practical research and laboratory and field testing. One of the stages of testing is laboratory testing of external mechanical and climatic factors. In order to increase the efficiency of laboratory tests of armored vehicles and automobile equipment, it is necessary to improve the methodological apparatus for evaluating the effects of external mechanical and climatic factors during laboratory tests at the testing ground. Analysis of recent research and publications. Analysis of research in the field of testing of armored vehicles and automobile equipment showed that currently unresolved is the issue of assessing the impact of external mechanical and climatic factors using modern laboratory-testing equipment. The purpose of this article is to analyze methodological apparatus for laboratory testing of armored vehicles and automotive equipment for external mechanical and climatic factors and to summarize the main provisions of regulatory documents on these tests. Comparison was made between military standards VST and interstate standards GOST B in order to identify the main types of tests and composition of laboratory test equipment. Identity of basic methods of testing for effect of external mechanical and climatic factors was determined, namely: vibration effect test, shock effect test, temperature effect test (increased, decreased), rain effect test. This made it possible to determine the required list of test equipment to equip the laboratory facilities at the test site, namely: climatic chamber, rain test rig, vibration test rig, impact test rig. Conclusions. The analysis of existing in Ukraine and leading countries of the world normative documents and methodical apparatus for testing armored vehicles and motor vehicles on the effect of external mechanical and climatic factors was carried out in the article. On the basis of the analysis, comparisons were made of the methods of testing of armored vehicles and motor vehicles against external mechanical and climatic factors, and the basic types of tests were determined. Practical implementation of the results obtained in the article is based on the possibility of their application in the development of programs and methods of laboratory testing of samples of armored vehicles and automotive equipment.
The experience of conducting military operations in modern military conflicts has shown that one of their dangerous consequences is the contamination of territories with explosive objects which pose a threat to both the military and the civilian population. At the same time, one of the main problematic issues is the significant excess of the rate of mine weapons development in comparison with the rate’s development of mine countermeasures. Ukraine, due to the full- scale aggression of the Russian Federation is no exception, as it has found itself among the countries that are the most contaminated by explosive objects in the world that in its turn requires a large amount of time, forces and means for reconnaissance and demining of territories. At the same time the enemy uses the entire range of mine weapons available to him despite the prohibition of using some of their types by international conventions. In addition to mine weapons, unexploded ordnance poses a great danger. In order to carry out combat tasks related to the reconnaissance of the area for the presence of mines and the development of passages in minefields, clearance units are created from among servicemen of the engineering forces which are equipped with reconnaissance and demining kits. Demining teams from other ministries and agencies are created in addition to servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to clear territories of explosive objects under conditions of the absence enemy’s fire. The effectiveness of the above-mentioned tasks will largely depend on a number of external and internal factors. The article analyzes the main factors that affect the task effectiveness in reconnaissance of the area for the presence of explosive objects and demining as well as the creation and functioning of the remote-controlled demining system.
With the beginning of the aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine in 2014, the territory of our country began to become a leader among the replaced countries of the world. The situation escalated with the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the russian federation in February 2022, and today’s Ukraine has become the country that is the most complicated in terms of explosive devices in the world. The enemy has been ignoring the requirements of international treaties and conventions regarding the prohibition of the use of certain types of mine weapons and uses the entire range of engineering ammunition available to him. One mine weapon is a major hazard from unexploded ordnance. In addition, during hostilities, one of the most difficult tasks is to provide military reconnaissance of the area for the presence of explosive objects, demining the area and passing through the changing fields of the enemy during the offensive. For the performance of these tasks, the staff structure of the engineering troops provides for appropriate units that are equipped with both equipment and hand-held reconnaissance and demining equipment. The protest and experience of the use of engineering units of the Defense Forces shows that the mentioned equipment, reconnaissance and demining are outdated, have low efficiency and do not meet the requirements for performing tasks of this type. At the same time, due to moral obsolescence and unsatisfactory state of means of exploration and mechanization, the manual method remains the main way of making passages in variable-explosive barriers. This method is extremely dangerous and contagious to the point of losing personnel. In order to eliminate (mitigate) the mentioned problems, research is being conducted on the development of modern perspective demining complexes, both manual and remote-control. There are questions about their evaluation according to the level of technical excellence and efficiency during research. The article offers one of the options for a partial method of comparative assessment of the level of technical perfection of samples of demining means (complexes) using methods of simulation modeling and a progressive standard. Assessment of the degree of compliance of alternatives to demining complexes is carried out by comparing them with a standard for which there is no state standard, and general requirements or quantitative indicators. Determining compliance with the requirements consists in comparing the comprehensive indicator of the evaluated alternatives of the demining complex with the comprehensive basic indicator.
The paper studies the matters of using of night vision goggles by the helicopter crews of the State Aviation of Ukraine. The analysis of the perspective systems that can replace night vision goggles based on electronic-optical converter and provide round-the-clock and all-weather flights, landing of the helicopter on unprepared and unlit areas in poor visibility was treated. Currently, the practice of using combat and transport helicopters involves their wider use in the night-time conditions (air warfare, delivery of goods, search-and-rescue operations). Due to low light levels, until recently, most night-time target acquisition tasks have been related with the necessities of providing the artificial target illumination, but in certain instances such illumination deteriorates visibility through an lighttight, phosphorescent atmospheric shells or it just can‟t be carried out. The need for a large number of channels included in the optoelectronic system, caused by the variety of tasks that are solved by it, as well as the imperfection of each individual channel. This forces them to be combined to improve the efficiency of the optoelectronic systems themselves, so that the disadvantages of one channel are offset by the advantages of another. In fact, it is only possible way to ensure the fulfilment of combat task by combining channels operating in different spectral bands in one scheme and by combining detection devices. It can be stated that, despite the undisputed advantages of optoelectronic systems as compared to night-vision goggles, in case of the selecting for installing on a helicopter of optoelectronic systems, it should take into account the much higher cost of optoelectronic systems compared with night-vision goggles. Therefore, the rationale for installing optoelectronic systems must be determined based on the scope of the executing tasks, which are to be conducted by a specific helicopter.
On-board information and measuring complexes and registration systems are intended to control the parameters of both systems and components of the prototype and the sample of automotive and armored vehicles in general to obtain qualitative and quantitative characteristics to assess their compliance with specifications of technical development requirements. At present stage, there is often a need to improve methods for optimizing the development of on-board systems for collecting and processing information to ensure conducting of testing works, which take into account particulars of the electronic equipment development and are based on a unified approach to the optimal use of resources of collection and information processing systems. Analysis of the problem of rational use of resources of standard means of measurement, registration and indication in the system of onboard measurements and further processing of the results in automated systems for collecting and processing information for their use in testing mass produced (modernized) aircraft was previously considered by Soviet, Ukrainian and foreign scientists. But they do not give a complete picture of the algorithm, completeness and quality of tests using standard measuring instruments installed on board aircraft and do not answer a number of questions related to the optimization of the computational process. In particular, the potentials of standard means of measurement, registration and indication as part of the on- board measurement system for testing mass produced (modernized) aircraft and installed components, units and systems under test are not fully explored. The issue of building optimal data collection programs that implement the inquiry of measuring channels with restrictions on the frequency of channel inquiry and information processing speed is insufficiently studied. The novelty of the research consists in the developing of an algorithm for capabilities analysis and procedure for incorporating standard measuring, registration and indication instruments in the on-board measuring system within a single measuring and information field for testing mass produced (modernized) samples of weapons. Approbation and implementation of the abovementioned algorithms will allow test teams to minimize time spent on the development (selection) of the onboard measurement system to ensure research and testing of both modernized aircraft, vehicles and armored vehicles and newly created with advanced information systems.
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