Abstrak: Ditetapkan sebagai Pahlawan Nasional oleh Presiden Soekarno di tahun 1963, Tan Malaka hingga saat ini masih menjadi pahlawan yang “redup”. Keterlibatannya dalam tubuh Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) di masa Hindia Belanda telah menempatkan Tan Malaka pada posisi sulit, mengingat keberadaan PKI yang telah mengukir sejarah kelam di era kemerdekaan. Padahal, jika memperhatikan ide dan gagasan Tan Malaka yang tertuang dalam banyak karyanya, maka selayaknya ia dijuluki sebagai Bapak Republik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kiprah Tan Malaka dalam pergerakan nasional dah mengekplorasi titik kontroversi Tan Malaka. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari tahap heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa titik kontroversial Tan Malaka terletak pada keterlibatannya di tubuh PKI masa Hindia Belanda, namun demikian Tan Malaka adalah seorang nasionalis yang konsisten memperjuangkan cita-cita kemerdekaan Indonesia melalui ideologi yang diyakininya. Adanya larangan ajaran Marxisme-Komunisme pasca pemberontakan PKI di tahun 1965 membuat Tan Malaka semakin terpinggirkan sebagai pahlawan nasional, selama Orde Baru namanya tidak terdapat dalam buku-buku pelajaran di sekolah maupun dalam Album Pahlawan Nasional, hal ini menjadi kontroversi atas keterlibatnnya di tubuh PKI. Namun, Era Reformasi menunjukkan sebuah kemajuan, buku-buku karangan Tan Malaka kembali dicetak dan banyak ilmuan mulai serius menyelami sosok Tan Malaka, terutama berkenaan dengan pemikiran dan gagasannya.Kata Kunci: Tan Malaka, Kontroversi, RevolusiAbstract: Defined as a National Hero by President Soekarno in 1963, Tan Malaka is still a "dim" hero. His involvement in the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) during the Dutch East Indies had put Tan Malaka in a difficult position, given the existence of the PKI which had carved a dark history in the era of independence. In fact, if you pay attention to Tan Malaka's ideas and ideas contained in many of his works, then he should be called the Father of the Republic. This research aims to examine Tan Malaka's progress in the national movement and to explore the points of controversy of Tan Malaka. The method in this study uses the historical method which consists of 4 (four) stages, namely hauristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings of this study indicate that Tan Malaka's controversial point lies in his involvement in the PKI during the Dutch East Indies, however, Tan Malaka was a nationalist who consistently fought for the ideals of Indonesian independence through the ideology he believed in. The prohibition against the teachings of Marxism-Communism after the PKI rebellion in 1965 made Tan Malaka even more marginalized as a national hero, during the New Order his name was not included in school textbooks or in the National Hero Album, this became a controversy over his involvement in the PKI. However, the Reformation Era showed progress, Tan Malaka's books were again printed and many scientists began to seriously delve into the figure of Tan Malaka, especially with regard to his thoughts and ideas.Keywords: Tan Malaka, Controversy, Revolution
This paper belongs to historical research or biographical research of a figure. In contrast to biographical research that has been done by other historians and researchers which generally emphasized on the history and role of a figure, this paper looks at the existence of a figure, named Chatib Sulaiman, from the geospatial setting of his birthplace, Sumpur, located on the lakeside of Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra. Chatib Sulaiman is quite different from other local figures in Minangkabau. This study aims at analyzing the process of character building of Chatib Sulaiman that is influenced by the spatial conditions of his birthplace in relation to the dynamics of his life and struggles. The results indicate that the existence of Chatib Sulaiman cannot be separated from the geospatial of Nagari Sumpur, his birthplace, which then has a very significant influence on the building of his character as a fighter. The existence of Nagari Sumpur with an egalitarian and democratic style has built the character of Chatib Sulaiman as an independent and open-minded person. Through the western education he has received, Chatib Sulaiman became a smart and skilled young man. He was at the forefront of opposing the practice of colonialism in West Sumatra. In his struggle, Chatib Sulaiman once led the Regional People's Defense Council, served as the secretary of the National Defense Front, and was the most prominent young man in West Sumatra when the physical revolution took place, especially during the PDRI (Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia) period.Tulisan ini termasuk penelitian sejarah atau penelitian biografis seorang tokoh. Berbeda dengan penelitian biografi yang telah dilakukan oleh para sejarawan dan peneliti lain yang pada umumnya menekankan pada sejarah dan peran seorang tokoh, tulisan ini melihat keberadaan seorang tokoh bernama Chatib Sulaiman, dari setting geospasial tempat kelahirannya, Sumpur, terletak di tepi danau Danau Singkarak, Sumatera Barat. Chatib Sulaiman cukup berbeda dengan tokoh-tokoh lokal lainnya di Minangkabau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pembentukan karakter Chatib Sulaiman yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi spasial tempat kelahirannya dalam kaitannya dengan dinamika kehidupan dan perjuangannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan Chatib Sulaiman tidak lepas dari geospasial Nagari Sumpur, tempat kelahirannya, yang kemudian berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap pembentukan karakternya sebagai seorang pejuang. Keberadaan Nagari Sumpur dengan gaya egaliter dan demokratis telah membangun karakter Chatib Sulaiman sebagai pribadi yang mandiri dan berpikiran terbuka. Melalui pendidikan barat yang diterimanya, Chatib Sulaiman menjadi pemuda yang cerdas dan terampil. Ia berada di garda terdepan menentang praktik kolonialisme di Sumatera Barat. Dalam perjuangannya, Chatib Sulaiman pernah memimpin Dewan Pertahanan Rakyat Daerah, menjabat sebagai sekretaris Front Pertahanan Negara, dan merupakan pemuda paling terkemuka di Sumatera Barat ketika terjadi revolusi fisik, terutama pada masa PDRI (Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia). Republik Indonesia) periode.Cite this article: Fatimah, S., Lionar, U. (2022). Chatib Sulaiman: Patriotic Fighter from Nagari Sumpur, West Sumatra. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 32(1), 11-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v32i1.31579
Multicultural Values in History Learning: Identification in Sylabus. Presenting multicultural education in the Indonesian education curriculum is an effort to maintain national integration through education. The education curriculum is basically the realization of people's aspirations about the direction of education. The development of education curriculum must be based on the sociocultural context of society, or according to Brady & Kennedy in Curriculum Construction that the curriculum must fulfill all the interests of society regarding cultural, economic and political development. History learning has a big role in the development of multicultural education, considering the historical history presents various historical facts of the nation which certainly has a diversity of identities and cultures. Through the identification of historical material contained in the syllabus of historical subjects in schools, some content was loaded with the development of multicultural values.
Indonesia is a multicultural country in which there are various ethnic, tribal, religious, and cultural elements spread out on various islands. In order to maintain the diversity from the nation disintegration threat, it is needed to have a conceptualized strategy through various aspects of life. With respect to the field of education, the concept of multicultural is internalized through the learning materials contained in the textbook. The textbook of history subject is basically set up by the government of the Republic of Indonesia in order to convey a message of values which is relevant to Pancasila as the nation's ideology. In regard to this nation’s ideology, multiculturalism in fact is considered as one of its values. Through this study, the writer will then analyze the textbook of Indonesian History subject of class X, in the first semester based on the curriculum of 2013, by identifying the values of multiculturalism contained within this aforementioned textbook. This book consists of two chapters. In particular, the first chapter discusses the materials on the spread of early civilizations in the Indonesian archipelago, and the second chapter covers the trades, rulers, and poets in the classical period (Hinduism-Buddhism). This present study employed a qualitative approach with a syntagmatic discourse analysis method, specifically using a constructivism paradigm. In particular, this method attempted to find out various facts behind a script in which one of them also included ideological and political elements. With respect to the use of constructivism paradigm, it was also used to discover something in the form of feelings / desires of the script maker. Based on the carried-out analysis, the writer found several paragraphs that implicitly contained the values of multiculturalism. The value was conveyed through various instances in the historical events. Therefore, the writer concluded that in the textbook of Indonesian History subject of Class X in the first semester, the curriculum of 2013 contained the values of multiculturalism. Although it was not explicitly stated, the ideas of multiculturalism should be reaffirmed by the teacher during the learning processes.
Kebanyakan penduduk desa menjalankan usaha beternak kambing secara rumahan dan tradisional, sehinggga hasilnya kurang maksimal. Sistem yang digunakan adalah usaha sampingan yang tidak dikerjakan secara intensif. Mereka beternak kambing hanya beberapa ekor tanpa target omset apapun. Padahal kalau ditekunni secara modernn serius potensi usaha peternakan kambing di desa sangatlah besar. Supaya usaha ternak kambing cepat berhasil menggunakan cara beternak kambing secara modern dan propfesional seperti fermentasi pakan ternak kambing termasuk cara beternak kambing yang baik dan benar. Cara berternak kambing di desa mitra yakni di Jorong Padang Ambacang Nagari Batu Balang Kecamatan Harau Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, pada umumnya masih menggunakan cara lama yang bersifat tradisional, sehingga keuntungan yang didapatkan kurang maksimal. Permasalahan mitra 1 sebagai pengusaha mikro yang bergerak dalam bidang perternakan kambing etawa masih bersifat tradisional. Untuk itu, perlu pengembangan usaha pertenakannya seperti fermentasi pakan dan menerapkan manajemen pertenakan. Permasalahan mitra 2 adalah, disamping permasalahan manajemen pertenakan kambing juga perlu pendampingan dan permodalan untuk memulai usaha pertenakan kambing etawa. Melalui penerapan teknologi dan inovasi terkini, cara ternak kambing modern dinyatakan lebih intensif. Berikut beberapa cara ternak kambing modern yang perlu diterapkan sebagai solusi permasalahan mitra, diantaranya manajemen kandang kambing, manajemen bibit kambing, manajemen pakan kambing, dan manajemen pemeliharaan kambing. Skema pelaksanaan kegiatan program Ipteks yang dilakukan bersama kedua mitra difokuskan pada dua bidang, yaitu penerapan teknologi tepat guna dan perbaikan manajemen usaha. Skema pelaksanaan penerapan teknologi tepat guna adalah teknik pembuatan pakan alternatif/buatan (fermentasi). Sedangkan kegiatan perbaikan manajemen usaha diwujudkan dalam bentuk pelatihan. Pelatihan yang dilaksanakan adalah pelatihan manajemen kandang kambing, manajemen bibit kambing, manajemen pakan kambing, dan manajemen pemeliharaan kambing
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