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Laurel is a medicinally important plant and is known to the world for its essential oil. Turkey is the main market in the laurel leaf trade by sharing about 90% of the world trade. Here we made an effort to elucidate genetic diversity and population structure of 94 Turkish laurel genotypes collected from 26 provinces and four geographical regions using inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers. A total of 13 most polymorphic primers were selected which yielded 195 total bands, of which 84.10% were found polymorphic. Mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was (0.361) and diversity indices including mean effective number of alleles (1.36), mean Shannon's information index (0.35) and overall gene diversity (0.22) revealed the existence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in the studied plant material. Most diversity was found in genotypes collected from the Mediterranean region. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most of the variation (85%) in Turkish laurel germplasm is due to differences within populations. Model-based structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and neighbor-joining algorithms were found in agreement and clustered the studied germplasm according to their collection provinces and regions. This is a very first study exploring the genetic diversity and population structure of laurel germplasm using iPBS-retrotransposon marker system. We believe that information provided in this work will be helpful for the scientific community to take more interest in this forgotten but the medicinally important plant.

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In order to solve the problems encountered in the culture of medicinal and aromatic plants, to take the research as a whole, to organize these studies and to provide coordination among the working people and institutions, in 1990, National Research Project of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants was initiated by Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The main purpose of these studies is to develop the registered varieties by cultivating new plant species for the production of standard and high quality raw materials required by different industries in medicinal, aromatic and dye plants in Turkey. Research institutes located in different regions of Turkey, start by selecting the appropriate type of culture to their ecology, engages in breeding and variety development work. Improvement studies have been made more efficient by integrating with quality studies to determine the active substances in plants. As a result of these studies, 41 cultivars of medicinal and aromatic plants belong to 15 species have been registered till now. The production areas of these species are increasing every year. In 2018, 300.000 tons of medicinal and aromatic plants were produced in approximately 100.000 hectares of land. 50.000 tons of this production was exported and 265 million US dollars of revenue was generated. In the following process, it is aimed to continue the culture, breeding, cultivation and quality studies and to develop new varieties and increase the production and usage areas of these varieties. On the other hand, in order to get more shares from the world herbal medicine market which is expected to reach 5 trillion USD in 2050, it is planned to give priority to the export of processed products instead of raw material export.

ÖzBu çalışmada Marmara Bölgesi Florası'nda bulunan Anadolu adaçayı (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) popülasyonlarının verim ve kalite özelliklerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Floradan toplanan 10 adet Anadolu adaçayı (S. fruticosa Mill.) popülasyonuna ait tohumlar, çalışmada materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, popülasyonların yeşil herba verimi (kg/da), kuru herba verimi (kg/da), yeşil yaprak verimi (kg/da), kuru yaprak verimi (kg/da), uçucu yağ oranı (%), ve uçucu yağ bileşenleri (%) saptanmıştır. Çalışmada ilk yıl kuru yaprak verimi ve uçucu yağ oranı, sırası ile 439.86-691.62 kg/da ve %3.26-4.34 arasında, ikinci yıl 507.74-986.70 kg/da ve %2.53-3.88 arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Uçucu yağın ana bileşenleri 1.8-cineole, camphor ve β-caryophyllene olarak belirlenmiştir. Yıllara ve popülasyonlara göre 1.8-cineole oranı %23.2-37.3, camphor oranı %8.1-29.1 ve β-caryophyllene oranı %2.8-14.8 arasında değişim göstermiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Marmara Bölgesi, Anadolu adaçayı, Salvia fruticosa Mill., verim, kalite Determination of the Yield and Quality Characteristics of Anatolian Sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) Populations in Tekirdağ Ecological Conditions AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the yield and quality characteristics of Anatolian sage (Salvia fruticosa Mill.) populations located in the flora of Marmara Region. Seed samples of Anatolian sage (S. fruticosa Mill.) belong to 10 populations were collected from flora composed the research material. Fresh herb yield (kg/da), dry herb yield (kg/da), fresh foliage yield (kg/da), dry foliage yield (kg/da), essential oil yield (%) and essential oil components (%) of populations were determined. First year dry foliage yield and essential oil yield ranged between 439.86-691.62 kg/da and 3.26-4.34%, and the following year they were between 507.74-986.70 kg/da and 2.53-3.88% respectively. The main components of essential oil were identified as 1.8-cineole, camphor and β-caryophyllene. The present components ranged between 23.2-37.3%, 8.1-29.1% and 2.8-14.8% in the successive two years.