A novel one-pot TiO2-catalyzed synthesis of nucleobases and acyclonucleosides from formamide is reported. Since formamide can be formed under prebiotic conditions, these reactions have implications for the origin of life. While a number of purine derivatives have been found as products of non-TiO2-catalyzed reactions, important compounds that would not otherwise occur (namely, thymine, 5-hydroxymethyluracil, and acyclonucleosides) are formed in acceptable yields by TiO2-catalyzed reactions. Moreover, TiO2 selectively affects the rates of degradation of nucleobases, as single units and when embedded in polynucleotides.

We describe the role of formamide, a product of the hydrolysis of hydrogen cyanide, as precursor of several components of nucleic acids under prebiotic conditions. When formamide is heated in the presence of montmorillonites, the efficient one-pot synthesis of purine, adenine, cytosine, and uracil is obtained. Along with these nucleobases, several components of the inosine pathway are obtained: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, 5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide and hypoxanthine. This almost complete catalogue of nucleic acid precursors is accompanied by N(9)-formylpurine, which, containing a masked glycosidic bond in its formyl moiety, is a plausible precursor of purine acyclonucleosides. In addition, montmorillonites differentially affect the rate of degradation of nucleobases when embedded in 2'-deoxyoligonucleotides; namely, montmorillonites protect adenine and guanine from the degradative action of formamide, while thymine degradation is enhanced. The oligonucleotide backbone reactivity to formamide is also affected; this shows that the interaction with montmorillonites modifies the rate of abstraction of the Halpha and Hbeta protons on the sugar moieties.

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This paper describes a new route for the synthesis of N-(1Ј-homo-L-gulitol)nucleosides and amino sugar analogues of N-(1Ј-homo-L-gulitol)nucleosides by nucleophilic epoxide ring-opening followed by O-heterocyclization of 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-di-O-benzyl-D-mannitol and 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-diazido-D-iditol, respectively. Magnesium perchlorate

Organic chemistryOrganic chemistry Z 0200 Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Parainfluenza-1 (Sendai) Virus Inhibitors -[132 refs.]. -(SALADINO*, R.; CIAMBECCHINI, U.; NENCIONI, L.; PALAMARA, A. T.; Med. Res. Rev. 23 (2003) 4, 427-455; Dip. Agrochim. Agrobiol., Univ. Stud. "La Tuscia", I-01100 Viterbo, Italy; Eng.) -Lindner 38-241

Nucleic acids Nucleic acids U 0700Synthesis of 1'-Homo-N-nucleosides from Hexitols. -A new route to the synthesis of title homo-N-nucleosides (IV) and (VIII) is presented, involving the highly stereoselective nucleophilic epoxide opening of bisepoxides (II) and (VI), resp., with silylated nucleobases in the presence of Mg(ClO4)2 and subsequent O-heterocyclization as key step. -(SALADINO*, R.; CIAMBECCHINI, U.; HANESSIAN, S.; Eur. J. Org.

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