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Present study molecular characterization of exon 2 of TLR2 gene and its association with milk yield and milk quality traits in 104 Deoni cattle using PCR-RFLP technique was done. Polymorphism was observed through HaeIII, HhaI and EcoRV restriction enzymes in Created Restriction Site (CRS) exon 2-1, CRS exon 2-5 and exon 2-1 by PCR-RFLP, respectively. In CRS exon 2-1 allelic frequencies were observed as 0.793 for A and 0.206 for B alleles and that of genotypic frequencies were 0.58 and 0.41 for genotypes AA and AB. In CRS exon 2-5, two genotypes viz., AC and CC with corresponding allelic frequencies were observed as 0.221 for A and 0.778 for C allele and that of genotypic frequencies observed were 0.44 and 0.55 for AC and CC genotypes respectively. TLR2 exon 2-1 exhibited two alleles G and T with frequencies of 0.134 and 0.865 and their Corresponding genotypic frequencies were 0.009, 0.25 and 0.74for GG, GT and TT genotypes respectively. Higher count of somatic cells (SCC) in TT homozygous and TG heterozygous genotypes, and lower in GG homozygous genotypes were observed in exon 2-1. Strongly significant (P0.01) effect for least squares means of Test Day milk yield (TDMY) and Somatic Cell Count of CRS exon 2-1 were observed.

Selection of high fertile bulls with the help of marker assisted selection has gained importance in recent years. The low heritability of fertility traits hampers improvement of these traits by conventional selection based on phenotypic records. No information is available on the role of SNPs in KiSS1 gene in cattle on semen quality parameters in bovines. KiSS1 genes code for Kisspeptin, which are essential upstream regulators of neurons secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone and play crucial role in reproduction.The coding regions along with exon-intron boundaries of KiSS1 gene, was characterized using PCR-SSCP method and direct sequencing. Two genotypes were observed which were represented as SSCP pattern 1 and pattern 2 and found to carry one SNPs (T153C) and one insertion of G at 291_292bp. The bulls with pattern 2 were heterozygous with respect to the transition T153C and pattern1 bulls were homozygous with TT genotype. The transition was predicted to cause amino acid change from Valine to Alanine. The frequency of bulls with pattern1 and pattern 2 were 0.67 and 0.33 in 67 Holstein Friesian bulls and 0.73 and 0.27 in 13 Khillari bulls. The association study of genotypes with semen quality parameters revealed significant association of genotypes with acrosome integrity in fresh semen (P<0.05) and no association with sperm concentration, volume per ejaculate, percent live sperm and Hypo Osmotic Swelling Test (HOST) with higher acrosome integrity in bulls with pattern2. Upon validation of the results in larger population and identifying the exact role of the novel SNP T153C and insertion of G at 291_292bp, they could be incorporated in selection programme for improving fertility in bulls.as markers for acrosome integrity in cattle.

The present study was carried out in Deoni, the dual purpose cattle breed of Southern India, maintained at NDRI herd, SRS, Bengaluru. Mean phenotypic performances for the traits of age at first calving (AFC), first service period (FSP), first lactation milk yield (FLMY) and first lactation length (FLL) were estimated as 42.90 ± 0.49 months, 179.00 ± 6.3 days, 643.08 ± 25.16 kg and 178.24 ± 4.41 days respectively. Significant effect of parity was found on AFC and FSP. Effect of period of birth, period of calving and season of calving was found to be significant on FSP. Significant effect of period of birth, period of calving, classes of AFC and FLL were found on FLMY. The heritability of first lactation milk yield was estimated as 0.38 ± 0.29. Phenotypic correlation of FLMY with FLL (0.88 ± 0.02) was found to be highly significant (p<0.01).

BaSak, S., D. N. DaS, U. T. MUNDhe: CYP11B1 and PPARGC1A genes polymorphism controlling reproductive traits and estimation of breeding value of first lactation milk yield in Bos indicus (Deoni) cattle. Vet. arhiv 89, 463-479, 2019. aBSTRaCT In the present study, in Deoni, the dual purpose cattle breed of Southern India, maintained in a National Dairy Research Institute herd, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, molecular characterization of the putative exon 1 of CYP11B1 and putative intron 9 and 3'UTR of PPARGC1A genes was carried out in 146 animals using the PCR-RFLP technique. Three restriction enzymes, namely PstI, HaeIII and NheI, were used for digestion of the amplicons of the genes, respectively. In the putative exon 1 of the CYP11B1 gene, two genotypes, VV and VA, were detected with frequencies of 0.23 and 0.77, respectively. The frequencies of allele V and A in the population were found to be 0.62 and 0.38, respectively. The allelic frequencies of C and T types were observed as 0.63 and 0.37, with frequencies of CC, TC and TT genotypes as 0.38, 0.51 and 0.11 in the putative intron 9 of the PPARGC1A gene, respectively. Three genotypes, namely AA, AC and CC were detected in 3'UTR of the PPARGC1A gene, with respective frequencies of 0.75, 0.21 and 0.04. The allelic frequencies of A and C types were 0.86 and 0.14, respectively. The locus (c.1892+19T>C) in the putative intron 9 of the PPARGC1A gene was found to be significant (P<0.05), with unadjusted data of age of first calving (AFC). Adjusted data of first lactation milk yield (FLMY) showed a significant (P<0.10) association with the loci of the CYP11B1 (p.Val30Ala) and PPARGC1A (c.3359A>C) genes. No significant (P<0.10) association was observed between the loci of the genes and breeding value of FLMY in the studied cattle population.

Deoni is a dual purpose medium sized heavy breed among 50 well established cattle breed of India mostly found in Marathwada region of Maharashtra, Bidar district of Karnataka and some part of Medak district in Telangana state which are mostly drought prone areas. On the basis of morphological characteristics, Deoni breed is classified into three strains i.e. Balankya (pure white body colour), Waghya (white and black Spots on the body) and Wannera (animals with black face covering both the side of face and complete white Body). Present work was undertaken to study its production, reproduction and disease resistance traits. On the basis of earlier study it was reported that the average lactation milk yield was recorded as 910.95±27.62 Kg to 238.86±76.00 Kg, Daily milk yield 2.91±0.05 Kg to 2.17±0.07 Kg, Peak milk yield 4.68±0.05 Kg to 2.28±0.24 Kg, Average Fat percentage 4.3±0.14 percent, Lactation length 293.3±2.9 days to 185.79±4.35 days, Dry period 282.77±12.85 days to 103.66±19.78 days, Age at first calving 1628.4±0.2 days to 1070.80±17.17 days, Inter-calving period 566.10±13.63 days to 395.87±3.38 days and Service period 286.57±13.38 days to 116.04±3.21 days respectively. Review was taken onGenetic study conducted by using disease resistance genes like TLR-2, TLR-4 production and reproduction associated genes like CYP11B1 (Cytochrome P45011 beta hydroxylase 1) and PPARGC1A (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Co-activator 1 Alpha) genes and it was observed that there was strong significant association between CRS exon 2-1 of TLR-2 gene and significant association of exon 3.3 of TLR-4 gene with somatic cell count and significant effect of CYP11B1 (p.Val30Ala) and PPARGC1A (c.3359A>C) genes with first lactation milk yield. In contrast exon 1 and exon 2 of TLR-2 gene showed lack of association with somatic cell count. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG 15) gene expressions is upregulated during 16-18 days of pregnancy and could be useful as an early pregnancy marker. Exon 2, 3 and 14 of Lactoferrin gene showed polymorphism and useful as a strong genetic marker for selecting Deoni cattle for udder health and immunity. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) gene showed effect on Age at first calving, Lactation length and Lactation yield. Study on β-casein gene (CSN2), showed, A2 allele is fixed in Deoni cattle.

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