BACKGROUND:Depression is a serious public health problem. The impact of depression is enormous, ranging from decreasing work productivity, interpersonal disorders, sleep and eating disorders, susceptible to disease to an increase in suicides. In a state of depression, there was an increase in cortisol and changes in the neurotransmitter of the brain monoamine, norepinephrine and dopamine and specifically serotonin level. Treatment of depression using synthetic drugs such as the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) drug which is said to be safe turns out to still have side effects, such as stomach disorders, erectile disorders, weight gain and sometimes sleep disorders. So, the usage of traditional medicines can be an alternative. One of the traditional medicines that have been studied in Indonesia was the essential oil of basil leaves, which is known to function as an antidepressant at a dose of 2.5 x 10-2 mL/kg b.w.AIM:To determine the comparison of cortisol and serotonin level between depressed mice which get basil leaf essential oil as intervention, depression mice, and normal mice.METHODS:This research was an experimental type purely using experimental animal models, with an experimental research design Post Test Only Context Group Design in mice (Mus musculus), by dividing 3 groups of mice, namely depressed mice which received essential oil of basil leaves dose of 2.5 x 10-2 mL/kg BW, depression mice, and normal mice, to compare the level of blood cortisol and serotonin while to determine effect of administration basil leaves essential oils in depression mice.RESULTS:Cortisol levels between intervened depression mice, depression mice, and normal mice groups were significantly comparable with p < 0.001, while serotonin level was significantly comparable between intervened depression mice, depression mice, and normal mice group with p < 0.001.CONCLUSION:Evidenced by differences in cortisol levels, serotonin levels between normal mice groups, depressed mice and mice that received essential oils of basil leaves. The comparisons showed that the cortisol level of the intervened depression group was lower than the depression mice group; however the level didn’t reach the level of cortisol in the normal group. While the serotonin level of intervened depression mice group was higher than the depression mice group or normal mice group.
AbstrakPrevalensi gangguan depresi semakin meningkat, termasuk yang berkomorbiditas dengan penyakit fisik. Kondisi medik yang telah lama dikaitkan dengan gangguan depresi adalah tension-type headache (TTH). Komorbiditas ini berhubungan dengan perjalanan penyakit TTH kronik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gejala gangguan depresi yang paling banyak terjadi pada penderita TTH serta menganalisis hubungan antara gejala tersebut dan tipe TTH yang dialaminya. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang terhadap 32 penderita TTH yang berobat jalan ke Instalasi Rawat Jalan Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Saraf Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama bulan November hingga Desember 2011 yang didiagnosis gangguan depresi. Subjek diperiksa dengan menggunakan instrumen Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Analisis korelasi dilakukan antara skor gejala gangguan depresi yang paling banyak terjadi dengan tipe TTH, dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariabel untuk mencari rasio prevalens gejala gangguan depresi yang berkorelasi dengan tipe TTH. Angka kejadian gangguan depresi pada TTH didapatkan pada 32/38 penderita, sedangkan gejala gangguan depresi yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah suasana perasaan depresif, kelelahan/berkurangnya minat, dan ansietas psikis. Suasana perasaan depresif dan kelelahan/berkurangnya minat berkorelasi positif dengan tipe TTH (r s =0,411; p=0,019 dan r s =0,379; p=0,032). Dari analisis regresi logistik, hanya suasana perasaan depresif yang meningkatkan risiko TTH kronik, yaitu sebesar 4,74 kali (IK 95% 1,24-18,02). Simpulan, suasana perasaan depresif merupakan gejala yang paling banyak terjadi dan dapat digunakan untuk penapisan dini gangguan depresi pada penderita TTH serta meningkatkan risiko TTH kronik. [MKB. 2013;45 (1) Relationship between Depressive Disorder Symptoms and the Tension-Type Headache (TTH): An Explorative Study AbstractThe prevalence rate of depressive disorders is increasing, including those having comorbidity with physical illnesses. One of the medical conditions that has been related to depressive disorder is tension-type headache (TTH). This comorbidity is related to the chronic course of TTH. This research aims to know which kind of depressive symptoms are most frequently found in TTH patients and to analyze the correlation between those symptoms and the type of TTH. This was a cross sectional study on 32 TTH patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the Neurology Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung during the period of November to December 2011 and who were diagnosed as having depressive disorder. They were examined using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). We correlated the scores of depressive disorder symptoms with the type of TTH, followed by mutivariable analysis to find the prevalence ratio of depressive disorder symptoms which correlated with the type of TTH. The results showed the prevalence rate of depressive disorder in TTH was 32/38 patients while the most frequent depressive disorder symptoms of the subjects were depressive mood, f...
Anxiety is one of clinical manifestations of perimenopausal phase. Managing anxiety is important because excessive anxiety can lower the quality of life of perimenopausal woman. Beside pharmacological treatment, there are some nonpharmacological treatment options which can be used to manage excessive anxiety, one of them is by don yoga. The purpose of this research is to know the difference of anxiety level between perimenopausal women with and without yoga. This research is an analytical observation using cross-sectional method. Research subjects were selected randomly, consisted of 103 perimenopausal women between the ages of 39 – 51 which divided into 2 groups, namely perimenopausal women with and without yoga. Data was collected using a self-completion questionnaire and consist of general identity, information about participation in yoga, and Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale to measure the anxiety level. Result shows that on the group of perimenopausal women with yoga, 5 respondents (9,8%) are anxious and 46 respondents (90.2%) are not anxious. On the group of perimenopausal women without yoga, 16 respondents (30.8%) are anxious and 36 respondents (69.2%) are not anxious. Data analysis shows that there is significant difference in anxiety level between perimenopausal women with and without yoga (p=0.008). Conclusion of the study is the anxiety level of perimenopausal women with yoga is lower than the anxiety level of perimenopausal women without yoga.
Background: Schizophrenia is a severe and chronic mental disorder that needs a long term treatment and social support. This condition may results in burden and disturbance in the family and society A number of studies have investigated some environmental factors that may potentially lead to schizophrenia. One of many suspected environmental factors is place of born or grew up. This study was conducted to investigate association between place of born or grew up and age of onset of schizophrenia. Methods: This analytical study using cross-sectional method was conducted by retrieving data from 72 medical records of hospitalized schizophrenic patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from OctoberNovember 2013. The variables in this study were age of onset and place (urban or rural) where the patients born or grew-up.The collected data were analyzed using Chi-Square statistical test. Results: This study discovered that 75% of subjects were born or grew up in urban area, 68% of subjects had age of onset at 20-40 years and there was no association between place of born or grew up and age of onset of schizophrenia (p-value was 0.108). Conclusions: More than half subjects were born and grew up in urban, who had age of onset of schizophrenia at 20-40 years and there is no significant association between place of born or grew up and age of onset of schizophrenia.
Teenagers are the next generation that needs to be the center of attention. Physical and mental development in adolescents occurs rapidly. The process of changing times with free association arises causing debate about their reproductive health. The purpose of this study was to determine the reproductive health problems of adolescents in Banten province. This study used a qualitative design and constructivism paradigm. The research method was using the in-depth interview guideline instrument with 11 informants conducted in Banten province in January− June 2017. Qualitative data analysis using content analysis. The results showed that environmental factors such as family, relationships, health workers, and the availability of prostitution practice were trigger teenagers' problems. The environment did not support them to learn about sexuality makes them seek information from sources that cannot be justified. This practice made adolescents have inappropriate knowledge about adolescent reproductive health. The availability of prostitution practice was a unique highlight for those who can channel their curiosity in fulfilling their sexual desires. In conclusions, adolescent reproductive health problems in Banten province consisted of premarital sex behavior, teenage pregnancy, teenage marriage, youth delivery, sexually transmitted diseases, and abnormal sexual behavior. These problems arise due to factors of knowledge, environment, and family economic status.
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