Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is the aetiological agent of an emerging disease (KHVD) associated with mass mortalities in koi and common carp and reported from at least 30 countries. We report the first isolation of KHV from koi and common carp in Indonesia and initial characterization of the isolates. Clinical signs, histopathology and virion morphology are similar to those of isolates from other countries. Phylogenetic analyses using the thymidine kinase gene amplified from each isolate and from carp tissue samples collected from KHVD outbreaks throughout Indonesia indicated that the Indonesian isolates are more closely related to the Asian than the European KHV lineage. Sequence analysis of two other variable regions between ORF29 and ORF31 (marker I) and near the start of ORF 133 (marker II) indicated that all Indonesian isolates displayed a marker I allele (I(++)) previously identified only in isolates of the Asian lineage. However, in the marker II region, all Indonesian isolates displayed the II(-) allele, which has been reported previously only amongst isolates of the European lineage, and nine of these displayed a mixed genotype (II(+)II(-)). The I(++)II(-) genotype has not been reported previously and appears to represent a new intermediate lineage that may have emerged in Indonesia.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan vaksin hydrovac dan streptovac untuk pencegahan penyakit bakterial, motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) dan streptococcosis pada beberapa jenis ikan budidaya air tawar. Pengujian dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dan lapang. Jenis ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan lele, nila, dan gurami. Vaksinasi ikan dilakukan melalui teknik perendaman dengan dosis dan periode sesuai instruksi penggunaan yang tertera pada label produk kedua jenis vaksin tersebut. Efektivitas vaksin dievaluasi berdasarkan pendekatan nilai persen sintasan dan selanjutnya dihitung nilai relative percentage survival (RPS). Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa nilai RPS vaksin hydrovac pada skala laboratorium pada ikan lele, nila, dan gurami masing-masing sebesar 85,45%; 65,78%; dan 52,28%. Nilai RPS yang dicapai oleh vaksin streptovac terhadap ikan nila sebesar 54,53%. Sementara, nilai RPS vaksin hydrovac pada skala lapang untuk jenis ikan lele, nila, dan gurami masing-masing 70,15%; 52,43%; dan 42,43%; sedangkan nilai RPS yang dicapai oleh vaksin streptovac adalah 40,41%.

Fish vaccination aims to induce a specific immune response indicated by an increase of antibodies in vaccinated fish. However, in accordance with time the presence of antibodies will continue to decline. The purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of specifik immune response and trend mortality against Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae on tilapia following vaccination with cocktail vaccine. Fish vaccinated through immersion for 30 minutes in a solution of diluted vaccine. Challenge test was performed for three periods, on day 22, 50, and 78 post-vaccination, fish were challenged with single infection of A. hydrophila 108 cfu. mL-1 and S. agalactiae 104 cfu. mL-1 and co-infection of both bacteria by intraperitoneal. During rearing, the blood fish were taken for determining of serum antibodies, and its  measured by ELISA. The results showed that the concentration of specific antibodies vaccinated fish were significantly higher than the control. The basal antibody levels of A. hydrophila before vaccination were higher than S. agalactiae with OD of 0.104 and 0.069 respectively. The maximum  antibody  response  was  reached  within  70  days  of  the  A. hydrophila OD= 0.264 and 56 days against S. agalactiae OD= 0.188. The mortality rate in the control group was significantly higher than vaccinated on all types and each challenge test period. The trend of mortality due to a single infection of A. hydrophila and co-infections occur more quickly than by S. agalactiae. Lowest mortality occurred in the vaccinated group at 50 day tested challenge.Keywords: kinetics antibody, Aeromnas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, Oreochromis niloticus

Streptococcosis is a significant fish disease impacting tilapia culture in Indonesia, causing losses estimated up to IDR 15.0 billion annually. This study aims to assess the efficacy of bivalent and trivalent vaccines containing Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria on tilapia. The formula of the bivalent vaccine contains 75% of S01-196-16 and 25% of N14G isolates (v/v). Trivalent vaccine contains 30%, 35%, and 35% of N14G, NP1050, and SG01-16 isolates (v/v), respectively. A challenge test assessed the efficacy of the vaccines, and it was carried out at 30, 90, and 150 days post-vaccination by artificially infection at LD60. Selected bacteria isolate to be appointed in the challenge test are N14G (biotype 2) and S01-196-16 (biotype 1). Relative Percentage of Survival (RPS) was used as the main indicator of vaccine efficacy. The results revealed that the highest RPS of a bivalent vaccine against S. agalactiae (S01-196-16) was achieved at the first challenge (61.84%), and trivalent vaccine against S. agalactiae (N14G) and S. agalactiae (S01-196-16) was achieved at the first challenge (61.53% and 76.20%, respectively). Bivalent and trivalent S. agalactiae bacteria vaccines are promising “tools” to control streptococcosis on tilapia.

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat kultur sel primer dari sirip ekor ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) dan diberi nama common carp tail (CCT). Explant ditumbuhkan dalam cawan kultur (culture flask) ukuran 25 cm 2 yang berisi media Leibovitz's L-15 dengan penambahan serum 20%, Penicillin 250 IU, Streptomycin 250 μg/mL, Kanamycin Sulfate 250 μg/mL dan L-Glutamin 2 mM, serta diinkubasi pada suhu 28 o C. Perbedaan perlakuan berupa waktu pergantian media dan konsentrasi media dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kultur sel primer. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa explant menunjukkan pertumbuhan sel setelah diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Pembentukan sel selapis (monolayer) mulai terlihat pada hari ke-4. Pasase pertama dilakukan pada hari ke-21 saat konfluensi mencapai 65%. Pasase selanjutnya dilakukan setiap 3 minggu dimana konfluensi mencapai 70%-80%. CCT terdiri atas sel berbentuk fibroblas dan epitel, dan berhasil dipasase sebanyak 12 kali selama lebih 2 tahun pemeliharaan.KATA KUNCI: ikan mas, kultur sel primer, common carp tail (CCT) ABSTRACT: Development of primary cell culture from caudal fin of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). By: Tuti Sumiati, Lila Gardenia, and Agus Sunarto The objectives of this research were to develop primary cell from caudal fin of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and designate it as Common Carp Tail (CCT