Abstract• The resorption of nutrients (mainly N and P) from senescing leaves may be a key component of adaptive mechanisms that conserve scarce nutrients. Resorption may be expressed in two ways as resorption efficiency (RE) which is the ratio of the resorbed amounts of nutrient losses during leaf senescence in relation to its prior amount deposited in leaves and resorption proficiency (RP) is the level to which nutrient concentration per unit leaf mass is reduced in senescent leaves.• There is still much debate whether or not different life-forms (i.e. deciduous and evergreen species) show different foliar resorption patterns. Two sympatric species, namely Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. subsp. iberica (Steven ex Bieb.) Krassiln. (deciduous) and Arbutus andrachne L. (evergreen) along an elevational gradient were compared with each other to determine whether or not nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiency and proficiency varies along the elevational gradient and which leaf parameters were as related to RE and RP.• NRE was found to be rather low in Q. petraea subsp. iberica compared to other deciduous species. Similarly, PRE in A. andrachne was rather low compared to other evergreen species. Mean residence time (MRT) measures how long a unit of nitrogen (MRT N ) and phosphorus (MRT P ) is present in the plant. MRT N and MRT P were found to be considerably higher in A. andrachne compared to Q. petraea subsp. iberica. In both species, the foliar N/P ratio was below 14 along the elevational gradient and, according to this threshold value, N-limitation occurred in the study area. Although both species in the present study show incomplete resorption deciduous species was more proficient as compared to evergreen one due to low N and P concentrations in senescent leaves. Based on the significant correlations (p < 0.05 and 0.01) between MRT and foliar resorption, it can be concluded that MRT could interfere with the mechanisms controlling nutrient resorption.Mots-clés : stratégies de Grime / temps moyenne de résidence (MRT) / rapport N/P / efficience de la résorption / capacité de résorption / espèces sympatriques Résumé -Résorption foliaire chez Quercus petraea subsp. iberica et Arbutus andrachne le long d'un gradient altitudinal.• La résorption des éléments nutritifs (essentiellement N et P) par sénescence des feuilles peut être une composante clé des mécanismes d'adaptation qui permettent de conserver les rares éléments nutritifs. La résorption peut être exprimée de deux façons : l'efficience de résorption (RE) qui est le rapport entre la quantité résorbée des pertes d'éléments nutritifs au cours de la sénescence des feuilles par rapport à son montant déposé auparavant dans les feuilles et la capacité de résorption (RP) qui est le niveau auquel la concentration des éléments nutritifs par unité de masse de feuilles est réduite dans les feuilles sénescentes.• Il reste encore beaucoup de débat pour déterminer si les différentes formes de vie (c'est-à-dire les espèces décidues et les espèces sempervirentes) prése...

This study examined the antiradical activity and chemical composition of essential oils of some plants grown in Mosul, Iraq. The essential oils of myrtle and parsley seed contained α-pinene (36.08% and 22.89%, respectively) as main constituents. Trans-Anethole was the major compound found in fennel and aniseed oils (66.98% and 93.51%, respectively). The dominant constituent of celery seed oil was limonene (76.63%). Diallyl disulphide was identified as the major component in garlic oil (36.51%). Antiradical activity was higher in garlic oil (76.63%) and lower in myrtle oil (39.23%). The results may suggest that some essential oils from Iraq possess compounds with antiradical activity, and these oils can be used as natural antioxidants in food applications.

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Lichens have been widely used in biomonitoring studies. In this study, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in some foliose and fruticose lichens which are found in Samsun were investigated and the differences among the species in terms of trace element concentrations and possible interactions among heavy metals were also examined. The results of the present study show that the study area is polluted by Pb and Cd. The cadmium contamination levels were also higher than those of the other elements. The highest Pb (101.39 ppm), Cu (43 ppm) and Zn (67.60 ppm) levels were found in Physcia adscendes. In addition to this, Hypogymnia physodes is one of the foliose species and the best accumulator of Cd (245.73 ppm) as compared to the other species. Samsun Ýlinde Ýz Element Konsantrasyonlarýnýn Likenler Kullanýlarak Biyolojik Olarak Belirlenmesi ÖzetLikenler biyomonitör çalýþmalarýnda yaygýn olarak kullanýlýrlar. Bu çalýþmada, Samsun ilinde yayýlýþ gösteren bazý yapraksý (foliose) ve dalsý (fruticose) likenlerde Cd, Cu, Pb ve Zn konsantrasyonlarý ve iz element konsantrasyonlarý açýsýndan türler arasýndaki farklýlýklar ve aðýr metaller arasý muhtemel etkileþimler incelendi. Mevcut çalýþmanýn sonuçlarý çalýþma alanýnýn Pb ve Cd tarafýndan kirlendiðini gösterdi. Kadmiyum kirliliði seviyeleri diðer elemetlerinkinden yüksektir. En yüksek Pb (101.39 ppm), Cu (43 ppm) ve Zn (67.60 ppm) seviyeleri Physcia adscendes'de bulundu. Buna ilave olarak, yapraksý türlerden birisi olan Hypogymnia physodes diðer türler ile karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda en iyi Cd (245.73 ppm) biriktiren türdür.

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Öz: Çalışma bitkilere önemli avantajlar sağlayan mikorizaların fungusit varlığında bitki üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için yapılmış ekolojik temelli bir araştırmadır. Bu amaçla Arbusküler Mikorizal Fungus (Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus intraradices, Glomus mosseae) bulunan ve bulunmayan ortamlarda yetiştirilen domates (Solanum lycopersicum L.) bitkilerine uygulanan farklı fungusitin dozlarının meyve kalite parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Pestisit dozları çiftçiye önerilen tarla dozu (D), önerilenin yarısı doz (D/2) ve önerilenin iki katı doz (Dx2) şeklinde uygulanmıştır. Meyve ağırlığı, meyve boyu, meyve çapı ve meyve hacmi ölçüm sonuçları bütün fungusit dozlarında mikorizalılarda istatistiki açıdan önemli bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlar mikorizanın fungusit uygulamasına rağmen meyve üzerinde olumlu etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Mikorizalı bitkilerin meyvelerinde fungusit kalıntısına rastlanmazken mikorizasız bitkilerin D ve Dx2 dozlarında ölçüm limitinde ve ölçüm limitinin üzerinde fungusit kalıntısına rastlanmıştır.

The study was designed to examine the effects of different manures (fish, pigeon and cow) and synthetic fertilizer (nitrogen) on some biochemical activities of Mentha piperita L. (mint, peppermint). Seventeen different phenolic constituents and 19 essential oils were determined in M. piperita samples. While caffeic, gallic, ferulic, protocatechuic, syringic, o‐coumaric acids and rutin were detected as common phenolics; carvone, limonene and 1.8‐cineol were identified as major essential oil components in all mints. Total phenolic compounds, ferric reducing antioxidant power and cupric (III) reducing capacity (CUPRAC) tests were used to evaluate antioxidant capacities of the mints. The highest total phenolic compound (4.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g) and antioxidant capacity (971 mM Fe(II)/mg; 823 mM Trolox /100 g) were observed in mints fertilized with pigeon manure. Mint samples also had different antimicrobial activities against the studied microorganisms (eight bacteria and two fungi), especially Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Practical Applications M. piperita L. has been widely used since early times and its botanical extracts were being employed to treat diseases. These extracts need to be investigated to understand how their properties are effected by different manures and fertilizers. So the findings of this research will enable M. piperita L. breeders to cultivate this plant with high biological activity.

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