Eleven ethanolic extracts from spices of Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Laurus nobilis, Rhus coriaria, Dianthus coryophyllum, Piper nigrum, Capsicum annum, Juniperus oxycedrus, Erica arborea, Colutea arborescens, and Cuminum cyminum collected from various regions of Turkey and local markets were assayed for the in vitro antibacterial activity against 3 Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis) and 2 Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), using agar dilution methods. In addition, their possible toxicity to Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined, using both agar dilution and disc-diffusion methods. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of the M. piperita, L. nobilis and J. oxycedrus ethanolic extracts was 5 mg/mL for all the microorganisms tested. P. aeruginosa was the most sensitive bacterial strain to P. nigrum and E. arborea extracts among both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria tested with MIC of 5 mg/mL. The extracts of L. nobilis, D. coryophyllum, J. oxycedrus and C. arborescens showed higher inhibitory activity against the yeast C. albicans and the fungus A. niger than the standard antifungal nystatin.
Some bacteria were isolated from Dendroctonus micans and its specific predator, Rhizophagus grandis. Six bacteria from D. micans were identified as Bacillus pumilus, Enterobacter intermedius, Citrobacter freundii, Cellulomonas flavigena, Microbacterium liquefaciens and Enterobacter amnigenus, three bacteria from R. grandis as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pantoea agglomerans and Serratia grimesii, on the basis of fatty acid methyl ester analysis and carbon utilization profile by using Microbial Identification and Biolog Microplate Systems. Their insecticidal effects were tested on larvae and adults of D. micans.
SummaryIntroduction:Pharmaceutical industry is forced to develop new pharmacologically active molecules. Like other plants, mosses are considered to be potential source of new biologically active compounds.Objective:The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of 8 moss species:Hypnum cupressiforme, Homalothecium sericeum, Thuidium delicatulum, Homalothecium lutescens, Homalothecium nitens,Leucodon sciuroides, Ctenidium molluscum,andEurhynchium striatulumobtained from Turkey.Methods:The antimicrobial activity of extracts was investigated against four Gram (+) and six Gram (−) bacterial strains and three tested fungi. Total phenolic content (TPC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH radical scavenging activity assays were applied to determine the antioxidant activity.Results:All moss extacts were found to be active against all the organisms exceptHomalothecium nitens.Especially,H. sericeumandE. striatulumshowed the best antioxidant activity.Conclusion:The obtained results show that mosses may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial agents to control various human, animal and plant diseases.
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