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While serum NSE, MBP, and S100B values cannot be considered as biomarkers for ASD, GFAP may be a biomarker and is suggested as a possible indicator of autism severity.

SummaryIntroduction:Pharmaceutical industry is forced to develop new pharmacologically active molecules. Like other plants, mosses are considered to be potential source of new biologically active compounds.Objective:The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of 8 moss species:Hypnum cupressiforme, Homalothecium sericeum, Thuidium delicatulum, Homalothecium lutescens, Homalothecium nitens,Leucodon sciuroides, Ctenidium molluscum,andEurhynchium striatulumobtained from Turkey.Methods:The antimicrobial activity of extracts was investigated against four Gram (+) and six Gram (−) bacterial strains and three tested fungi. Total phenolic content (TPC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and DPPH radical scavenging activity assays were applied to determine the antioxidant activity.Results:All moss extacts were found to be active against all the organisms exceptHomalothecium nitens.Especially,H. sericeumandE. striatulumshowed the best antioxidant activity.Conclusion:The obtained results show that mosses may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial agents to control various human, animal and plant diseases.

Objectives: Prolonged jaundice is a common condition among neonates. İt is defined as persisting hyperbilirubinemia after the 14th day following birth for term babies and after the 21st day for premature babies with serum bilirubin level higher than 5mg/dL. Prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia may be associated with some pathological conditions. We aimed to evaluate the etiological, clinical and laboratory findings of babies with prolonged jaundice.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 90 infants with prolonged jaundice in the pediatric outpatient clinic of Ordu University Training and Research Hospital between 1 January 2015 and 1 October 2020. Demographic characteristics, physical examination and laboratory findings of the babies were collected and analyzed to determine the etiology of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Results:In total 90 infants with prolonged jaundice were presented in this study, including 50 male and 40 female neonates. The most common causes of prolonged neonatal jaundice were breastfeeding, Rh or ABO incompatibility, and urinary tract infection 73%, 13% and 8% of neonates, respectively. Conclusion:Breast milk jaundice is the most common cause of prolonged jaundice in infants. Although there are some explanations for breast milk jaundice, the exact mechanism leading to breast milk jaundice is not clear. Other reasons that may affect the infants later in life should be investigated in a short time.

The seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii among children with autism Objective: Although attempts have been made to explain the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with many factors such as genetic, immunological, environmental, and infectious agents, this mechanism remains for the most part unknown. Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite that is investigated in many psychiatric diseases. This work examines whether toxoplasmosis plays a role in the pathogenesis of ASD through a seroprevalence study.Method: This study is based on a comparison of 102 children with ASD and 51 healthy children. In addition to routine laboratory tests, a sociodemographic form and a childhood autism rating scale were completed and the participants' anti-toxoplasma IgM and IgG titers were requested.Results: In 3 ASD children (2.9%) and in 1 control (2%), IgG positivity was identified. All subjects were negative for IgM. There was no statistically significant difference found between the two groups in terms of toxoplasma seropositivity.Conclusion: Our data does not confirm the involvement of toxoplasmosis in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. ÖZET Otizmli çocuklarda Toxoplasma gondii antikorlarının seroprevalansıAmaç: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu patogenezi genetik, immünolojik, çevresel ve enfeksiyöz ajanlar gibi pek çok nedenle açıklanmaya çalışılmasına rağmen hala büyük oranda nedeni bilinmeyen bir durumdur.Toxoplasma Gondii de çok sayıda psikiyatrik hastalıkta araştırılmış bir parazittir. Bu çalışmada ASD patogenezinde toxoplasmosisin rolü olup olmadığı seroprevelans çalışması ile araştırılmıştır. Yöntem: Yüz iki OSB'li çocuk ve 51 sağlıklı çocuk karşılaştırılmıştır. Rutin labarotuar testlerinin yanında sosyodemografik form ve çocukluk çağı otizm derecelendirme ölçeği uygulanmış ve anti-toksoplazma IgM ve IgG titreleri istenmiştir. Bulgular: Üç OSB'li çocuk (%2.9) ve 1 kontrolde (%2) IgG pozitif bulunmuştur. Bütün deneklerde IgM negatif olarak bulunmuştur. İki grup arasında toxoplazma seropozitivitesi açısından istatistiki olarak anlamalı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Sonuç: Ulaştığımız bu bilgi OSB etyopatogenezinde toxoplazmozisin bir ilgisinin olduğunu desteklememektedir.