BackgroundThrough a cross-sectional survey, we determined the seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in women of reproductive age in Hermosillo City, Mexico.MethodsWe studied 445 women of reproductive age in Hermosillo City in the northwestern Mexican state of Sonora. Women were enrolled in the University of Sonora. Sera of women were examined for IgG and IgM antibodies to T. gondii by commercially available enzyme immunoassays. The association of T. gondii seropositivity with the characteristics of the pregnant women was determined by bivariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOf the 445 women (mean age: 22.18 ± 5.6 years) studied, 16 (3.6%) had IgG antibodies to T. gondii, and two (12.5%) were also positive for IgM antibodies to T. gondii. Of the 16 anti-T. gondii IgG-positive women, six (37.5%) had IgG levels higher than 150 IU/mL, four (25.0%) between 100 and 150 IU/mL, and six (37.5%) between 9 and 99 IU/mL. Multivariate analysis of socio-demographic and behavioral variables showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with older age (odds ratio (OR): 5.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37 - 20.50; P = 0.01) and boar meat consumption (OR: 6.86; 95% CI: 1.27 - 37.07; P = 0.02).ConclusionsWomen of reproductive age in Hermosillo City had a low seroprevalence of T. gondii infection. However, this finding indicates that most of these women were susceptible to a primary infection. Factors associated with T. gondii infection found in this study may be useful for the optimal planning of preventive measures against T. gondii infection and its sequelae.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an intervention to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes in students attending public primary schools of Sonora México. Six schools were randomly allocated to either intervention or control. We applied food‐frequency, nutrition‐knowledge, and physical‐activity questionnaires pre‐and post‐intervention in order to evaluate changes in both groups. Multiple linear regression and independent t‐tests were applied. Fruit and vegetable consumption increased significantly (p=0.004) and total fat consumption decreased (p=0.002) in the intervention schools when compared with the control schools. Nutrition knowledge in intervention students was higher than control students (p=0.001). The intervention increased physical activity in intervention schools in which students made up to 6 hours per week of sporting activity, whereas students in control schools made up to 4.5 hours (p=0.041). Sedentary activities decreased significantly in intervention schools (p=0.006). Results suggest that continuous promotion of healthy habits including physical activity and nutrition in children can help to prevent health risk. Supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología.

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Objectives To assess the changes of nutrient intake in overweight or obese breastfeeding women after an individualized nutritional intervention. Methods Randomized clinical controlled trial. After an informed consent was signed, breastfeeding women (2–8 weeks postpartum) were randomly assigned by simple allocation in blocks (1:1) to either the intervention (In) or control (Cn) group. These two groups received general recommendations on healthy eating during lactation; additionally, the intervention group received a dynamic macronutrient meal equivalent with interchangeable foods every 2 weeks for 3 months, and a caloric restriction if needed. Nutrient intake was evaluated before and after the intervention using 3 non-consecutive 24-hour recalls; questionnaires were applied 1.5 mo intervals. Mean nutrient intakes were compared between groups; additionally, women's intake was contrasted against dietary reference intakes. Results Out of 939 potential participants, 303 were eligible but only 30 agreed to participate, and twenty (n = 10/group) completed the program. At baseline no difference was found for energy intake (P > 0.05). At end line, In group consumed −870 kcal than the Cn group. After adjusting for energy intake (1000 kcal), for macronutrient; proteins, lipids and carbohydrates do not differ between groups (P > 0.05). The median intakes of fiber were higher on In group + 15.4 g (10.1–21.8) compared with Cn group + 9.1 (6.7–13.4) P = 0.02, and sodium intake was higher on Cn group + 379 mg; compared with In group −638 mg P = 0.01. A notable proportion of all women failed to meet the EAR for vitamin A, but had adequate intake of Iron, pyridoxin and thiamin. Conclusions Our results indicate that an individualized intervention in lactating women can improve the dietary intake of key nutrients. Future research should focus on assessing the adequacy of dietary recommendations for overweight/obese breastfeeding women and the mother/infant dyad. Funding Sources LTR, AGP, JCVG received a fellowship from the National Research Council in Mexico.

This study aimed to identify dietary patterns in students and assess association of these patterns with health nutrition state. A school‐based sample of 66 students between 6 and 7 years of medium‐low socioeconomic level was selected in Hermosillo, Sonora, M¦xico. Body mass index was calculated and two 24‐hour recalls were obtained. Five distinct dietary factors were obtained explaining 57% of the total variation using factor analysis with varimax rotation. The five factors were: 1) foods eaten in a monotonous diet (beans, corn tortilla and processed meat), 2) foods sold in school (beverages, chips, snack, and hot sauce), 3) meats and bread, 4) foods in a healthy diet (dairy products and fruits), and 5) foods rich in energy and sugars (fast food, breakfast cereal, and soft drink). The association between the five dietary factors and nutrition state was assessed through linear regression model. The third factor was the only one significantly associated with the nutrition state (¦Â= 2.38 EE= 1.10, p= 0.038). These results suggest that high consumption of meat and bread is related to high BMI in young Mexican school children.

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Objetivo: identificar cambios en el consumo de alimentos y energía de escolares sonorenses en el periodo 2010-2018. Metodología: estudio transversal analítico que determinó el patrón de consumo utilizando bases de datos dietarios (R24-horas) y examinando tendencias de consumo de alimentos de 2010-2018. Resultados: se observaron tendencias hacia el aumento en consumo per cápita de queso c/grasa, carnes, pollo, soda de cola, tortilla y productos de trigo y frituras (p≤0.01). Aumentos en el consumo de huevo, frijol, tortilla y productos de maíz (p≤0.01). También, disminución en consumo de leches y alimentos no recomendables como cereales para desayuno, bebidas azucaradas, panes y galletas (p≤0.01). Limitaciones: algunos alimentos podrían estar sub o sobreestimados de acuerdo con las características de la población; sin embargo, la capacitación del personal para la obtención la información minimiza las posibilidades de error. Conclusiones: las tendencias en el consumo de alimentos recomendados y no recomendados parecen sugerir que las regulaciones nacionales sobre bebidas azucaradas y alimentos de alto contenido energético entre los niños podrían estar relacionadas con el consumo de alimentos durante el período 2012-014. Asimismo, que el consumo energético de ambos tipos de alimentos resulta alto según las recomendaciones, alertando sobre el tamaño de las porciones para futuras intervenciones.