Uncontrolled application of pesticides can contaminate soil and may kill other nontarget organisms. This study aims to determine the usage pattern of pesticides by farmers in Wanasari Subdistrict and study the soil quality degradation potential. This study was a quantitative and qualitative research. Sources of data were collected from observation, questionnaire, and in-depth interview methods. The respondents were shallot farmers who planted shallot during 2013-2016 ( = 60). In-depth interview was done with three respondents from the local agricultural extension center (BPP). This study found that there were some different types of insecticides and fungicides that were used in every planting season. The farmers applied pesticides in large amount once every three or four days. They mixed minimally three insecticides and fungicides types about 30-40 ml for each type. Organophosphate residues that were found in soil samples were methidathion residue about 0.014 mg/kg, malathion residue ranging around 0.1370-0.3630 mg/kg, and chlorpyrifos residue in the range of 0.0110-0.0630 mg/kg. The excessive application of pesticides showed the land degradation potential. Soil quality laboratory testing is recommended to ensure the agricultural land condition. Routine assessment of soil quality and pesticide usage control is recommended to keep sustainable ecosystem.

This study aimed to investigate the poisoning symptoms occurring in pesticide-exposed farmers. This study was conducted in a red onion farming center area in Wanasari Subdistrict, Brebes, Indonesia, from May to June 2018. This study was designed as the descriptive study. The significance value of p<0.005 showed that the variable was correlated with the health problems, including excessive fatigue (p value = 0.041), excessive saliva (p value = 0.006), hard breathing (p value = 0.021), frequent urination (p value = 0.047), blurred vision (p value = 0.059), dizziness (p value = 0.032), and finger pain (p value = 0.007). The significance value (p<0.005) of 0.000 showed that the use of personal protective equipment was correlated with the health problems. Based on the odds ratio value of 1.137, 95% confidence interval = 0.042–0.444 meant that the personal protective equipment was a risk factor of health problems. The results showed that 89.2% of the farmers who used the personal protective equipment were categorized in the healthy group.

Latar belakang: Air minum isi ulang merupakan salah satu sumber air minum yang lebih dipilih oleh masyarakat dibandingkan air kemasan bermerek dengan alasan harganya yang relatif lebih murah. Dalam praktiknya usaha depot air minum isi ulang yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat menghasilkan air yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan, yaitu tidak sesuai dengan Permenkes RI Nomor 492 Tahun 2010 tentang persyaratan kualitas air minum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan higiene sanitasi depot air minum dengan keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli pada air minum isi ulang di Kecamatan Mondokan Kabupaten Sragen.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian  observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh usaha depot air minum di Kecamatan Mondokan Kabupaten Sragen sebanyak 27 unit depot air minum dan penjamah depot air minum berjumlah 45 responden. Sampel dalam penelitian menggunakan teknik total population sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk memeriksa keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli dengan metode Most Probable Number (MPN), sedangkan untuk variabel sanitasi tempat, sanitasi peralatan dan higiene penjamah dengan observasi dan wawancara. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji fisher exact test.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 22,2% keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli pada air minum isi ulang tidak memenuhi syarat. Sebanyak 40,7% sanitasi tempat, 22,2% sanitasi peralatan, dan 62,2% higiene penjamah depot air minum kategori kurang baik. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan antara sanitasi tempat dengan keberadaaan bakteri Escherichia coli (p value = 0,187), tidak ada hubungan sanitasi peralatan dengan keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli (p value = 0,284), dan ada hubungan antara higiene penjamah dengan keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli (p value = 0,016).Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kondisi sanitasi tempat dan sanitasi peralatan depot air minum dengan keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli, serta terdapat hubungan antara higiene penjamah depot air minum dengan keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli pada air minum isi ulang di Kecamatan Mondokan Kabupaten Sragen.Kata kunci: Air minum isi ulang, higiene sanitasi, Escherichia coli ABSTRACT Title: The Connectivity between Hygiene Sanitation of Drinking Water Depot with the Existence Escherichia coli Bacteria at Refill Drinking Water in Mondokan District Sragen RegencyBackground: Refill drinking water is one of the drinking water sources that is preferable by the community because the cost is cheaper than bottled water. The water treatment is not appropriate enough, it will produce water that does not fulfil the health requirement as written in Minister of Health Regulations Number 492 Year 2010 regarding drinking water quality requirements. The aim of the research was to analyse the correlation between the hygiene and sanitation of drinking water depot and the existence of Escherichia coli bacteria in refill drinking water in Mondokan sub-district Sragen regency. Method: This research was an observational research with cross sectional approach. The population of this research is all of the drinking water depots at Mondokan sub-district Sragen regency which were consist of 27 units of drinking water depot with 45 handler respondents. All of them were used as samples of this research.Instrument used to check  existence Escherichia coli bacteria using the method Most Probable Number (MPN), meanwhile for the premises sanitation, ewuipment sanitation and handlers hygiene by observation and interviews. The data is analysed by fisher exact test.Result: The result of this research shows that 22,2% of Escherichia coli bacteria at refill drinking water and it doen’t meet the standard. There are 40,7% premises sanitation, 22,2% equipment sanitation and 62,2% handlers of drinking water depots hygiene categorized as not good enough. The result of bivariat analysis showed that no correlation between the premises sanitation with the existence of Escherichia coli bacteria (p value = 0,187), no correlation between the sanitation of equipment with the existence of Escherichia coli bacteria (p value = 0,284) and correlation between the handlers hygiene with Escherichia coli bacteria (p value = 0,016).Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that there is no correlation between the premises sanitation condition, drinking water depot equipment sanitation and the existence of Escherichia coli bacteria also there is correlation between handlers of drinking water depot hygiene with Escherichia coli bacteria in the refill drinking water in Mondokan sub-district Sragen regency.Keywords: Refill drinking water, hygiene and sanitation, Escherichia coli

Background. Adolescent girls are at risk for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to the higher demand of iron for growth and the loss of blood during menstruation. Consumption of foods containing iron that have higher bioavailability can reduce the risk of IDA although diets that are largely plant-based, like those consumed by many Sundanese people, may not contain sufficient bioavailable iron. Here, we investigated the correlation between plant-based diets and IDA in adolescent Sundanese girls who were students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. Methods. A total of 176 girls from seven Islamic boarding schools in Tasikmalaya were recruited. Nutritional intake data were obtained using 24-hr dietary recall. Blood samples were analyzed with a Sysmex-XNL instrument to measure several parameters including hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Results. The prevalence of IDA in the study population was 22.2%. Iron intake was 6.59 mg/day, which was lower than the recommended amount. The molar ratio of phytic acid to iron and vitamin C to iron was 8.72 and 0.03, respectively. There was a correlation between heme iron and both hemoglobin ( p = 0.009 ) and hematocrit ( p = 0.018 ). Iron from meat, fish, and poultry was correlated with hemoglobin ( p = 0.009 ) and hematocrit ( p = 0.011 ). Conclusion. The Sundanese plant-based diet did not affect the IDA status. Instead, IDA was associated with consumption of less animal-based foods that have iron with higher bioavailability. Increased access to an animal-based menu at the school cafeteria could be an approach to prevent IDA in students at Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia.

Industrialisasi adalah model pembangunan alternatif yang diperlukan oleh suatu negara untuk memacu proses ekonomi. Selain menyebabkan percepatan ekonomi, pembangunan industrialisasi juga memberikan dampak yang perlu diwaspadai salah satunya keberadaan limbah B3 hasil industri. Limbah B3 industri merupakan salah satu sumber pencemaran lingkungan yang potensial. Limbah B3 industri berpotensi menimbulkan risiko terhadap lingkungan dan dampak kesehatan bagi manusia. Pengelolaan limbah B3 industri sangat erat kaitannya dengan aspek kesehatan dan lingkungan. Menyadari banyaknya permasalahan terkait pengelolaan limbah B3 dari kegiatan industrialisasi, perlu dilakukannya pembaharuan konsep-konsep pengelolaan limbah B3 yang bersifat menyeluruh, terpadu dan berkelanjutan, serta pembuatan program yang cermat dan praktis oleh pemangku kepentingan untuk mengurangi potensi dampak paparan limbah B3 ke manusia dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian literatur yang membahas kondisi pengelolaan limbah B3 industri yang terjadi saat ini serta potensi dampak limbah B3 industri bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan.

Abstract.Organophosphates have been used to eradicate pests and prevent losses from harvest failures caused by pest attack. It is undeniable that the organophosphate persist in soil. This study aims to identify the organophosphate residue and soil properties include pH, soil texture, and permeability. The soil samples were taken from cropland in 10 villages, Wanasari sub-district, Brebes, Indonesia. Organophosphate residue determined by gas chromatography using Flame Photometric Detector. Soil texture was determined by soil texture triangle from NRCS USDA, and the permeability value was determined by falling head method. The mean value of chlorpyrifos, profenofos, diazinon were 0.0078; 0.0388; 0.2271 mg/l respectively. The soil texture varies from clay, silt clay, loam, silt loam, and silt clay loam with permeability value at 10 -7 with the soil pH value between 6.4 -8.1. The results showed that organophosphate residues found in the soil and its potential affect the soil fertility decline. We recommend to conduct routine soil quality analysis to prevent soil damage in the agricultural environment.

ABSTRACT

Noise from working environment can generate health impact on workers. Noise exposure which exceeds the treshold limit can affect the cardiovascular system, one of which is the increase of blood pressure. This research aims to determine the association between noise intensity and the increase of blood pressure on workers at PT X Semarang, a steel conduit manufacturing company. This is an observasional analitic study with cross-sectional design. The respondent amounted to 32 people taken with total sampling technique. The noise intensity measurement showed that the lowest noise intensity is in office area (59,7 dBA) while the highest is in factory B (88,12 dBA). The average age of the respondents is 40 years old with 8 years of working period. The average blood pressure before working is 124,06/81,34 mmHg and after working is 126,97/82,84 mmHg in which 71,9% respondents have an increase in systolic blood pressure and 68,8% in diastolic blood pressure. Bivariate analysis using fisher’s exact test showed that there is an association between noise intensity and the increase of diastolic blood pressure (p = 0,013; RP = 9,500; CI 95% = 1,641-54,994) but no association between noise intensity and the increase of systolic blood pressure (p = 0,075; RP = 5,938; CI 95% = 1,084-32,513).  Among the confounding variables, there was an association between smoking habit and the increase of diastolic blood pressure (p = 0,022; RP = 7,000; CI 95% = 1,185-41,359) but not with the increase of systolic blood pressure (p = 0,433; RP = 2,600; CI 95% = 0,518-13,041). The conclusion of this research is noise intensity and smoking habit can affect the increase of diastolic blood pressure. The workers are advised to wear earplugs when working.