AbstrakPencucian (leaching) merupakan faktor penting dalam proses pembuatan surimi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh frekuensi pencucian terhadap kandungan asam amino, komposisi proksimat dan karakteristik gel surimi lele (Clarias sp.). Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen di laboratorium dengan satu faktor, yaitu perlakuan pencucian dengan 4 taraf berbeda yaitu 1, 2, 3 dan 4 kali dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). . Jenis uji yang digunakan adalah Kruskall wallis (non parametrik) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Dun's Multiple Comparison jika perlakuan berpengaruh nyata. Frekuensi pencucian berpengaruh nyata terhadap komposisi proksimat surimi lele (p<0,05), yaitu menurunkan kandungan protein, lemak dan meningkatkan kadar air, namun tidak nyata terhadap kandungan mineral. Bertambahnya frekuensi pencucian tidak berpengaruh nyata pada kadar asam amino esensial maupun non esensial kecuali pada asam glutamat. Frekuensi pencucian berpengaruh nyata pada gel surimi lele (p<0,05). Pada pencucian 3 dan 4 kali kali meningkatkan nilai hardness, deformasi, uji lipat dan uji gigit. Nilai EMC menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya frekuensi pencucian yang menunjukkan kemampuan menahan air pada gel meningkat. Pencucian 3 kali dianggap sudah cukup baik untuk membuat surimi lele karena mampu mempertahankan asam amino surimi lele dan meningkatkan kekuatan gelnya. Kata kunci: asam amino, frekuensi pencucian, surimi lele AbstrakLeaching is an important factor in the surimi production process. This study aimed to examine the effect of washing frequency on the amino acid profile, proximate and characteristics of surimi gel catfish (Clarias sp.). The method used was experimental laboratories with different washing treatments ie 1, 2, 3 and 4 times. Experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were analyzed Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric method, followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test. Frequency of washing significantly affect the chemical composition of catfish surimi (p<0.05): lower protein content, fat and water content increase, but no significant effect on the mineral content. Increased frequency had no significant effect on essential and non-essential amino acids except glutamic acid. The frequency of washing gave significant effect on the catfish surimi gel (p<0.05). Leaching 3 and 4 times increased hardness value, deformation, folding and cutting test. EMC values decreased with increasing frequency of washing demonstrating the ability to hold water in the gel increased. Washing 3 times considered good enough to produce catfish surimi because it was able to to maintain amino acids and increase the gel strength of catfish surimi.

Development of ozone technology fish storage system (OTFIS) to maintain the quality of the fish has been done. The ozone technology fish storage system (OTFIS) can be applied in the fishing boat, fish storage in the Fish Auction Market, fish storage in the means transport for fish. In this research, we produced a prototype that was integrated by the fish container and ozone generator. We used Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBDP) technology for ozone generator. The characterization of ozone generator has been carried out and showed that ozone generator can produce ozone concentration from 0.5 ppm to 12 ppm. The ozone concentration in the area is very suitable to be used in food technology. The ozone treatment was performed on red tilapia representing the white-fleshed fish with ozone concentrations from 0.5 ppm to 4.5 ppm. The results of this treatment showed that organoleptic and TVBN of fish were still appropriate with Indonesian National Standard (INS). Beside that, TPC testing has been done on the red tilapia showed that the higher the ozone concentration the smaller the remaining of bacteria colonies. Similarly, for a variable of time, the longer the exposure to ozone the less the remaining of colonies. The results of this study have been adapted to realize of OTFIS with a size of 50 cm x 50 cm x 100 cm (250 liters) and can accommodate as much as 100 kg of fish.

Research on ozone production by using silent plasma or Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma (DBDP) and implemented for microbial inactivation in rice has been done. The plasma reactor for ozone generating were reactor with multipoint-plane (MP-P) reactor and spiral-cylender (S-C) reactor configurations. The high voltage AC has been used with voltage up to 40 kV and maximum frequency 23 kHz. For implementation in rice, this research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications in each treatment. Exposure time was varied such as: 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Total bacteria and molds (fungi) has been detected by using Total Plate Count (TPC) methods with nutrient broth as media for bacteria and, we found that MP-P Reactor needed less voltage comparing with S-C Reactor for the same cocentration ozone. Ozone generated by DBDP can reduce the population of bacteria and fungi in rice. The exposure for 90 minutes can eliminate 58.41% population of bacteria, and 26.23% population of fungi. Through analysis of variance known that ozone treatment is significantly affect the total bacteria at significance level of 5% and 1% (P <0.05). However, treatment of fungi shown no significant effect, even at the 5% significance level (P> 0.05). Subtances of water, fat, and protein in rice was not change before and after ozone treatment.

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Ozone generator by using dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) has been studied. DBDP reactor was constructed with spiral cylender configuration. We found that ozone concentration increased with increasing of voltage, number of spools coil. The ozone concentration decreases with increasing distance between spiral electrode and cylender electrode. We found something very interesting in the generation of ozone, where electrc current has been measured, in other words ionization has occurred, but ozone was not formed. It can be interpreted that although ionization has occurred but oxygen molecular dissociation has not happened or is not enough for the formation of ozone .