Continuous Innovation (CI) has become one of the hot topics in innovation management field. However, studies focusing on the comprehensive and detailed explanation of CI concept are still limited. This paper aims to elaborate on CI concept using three fundamental questions: WHAT (what is the definition of CI and what are the determining factors?), WHY (why do companies need CI?), and HOW (how can companies develop CI?). The purpose of this paper is also to contribute in giving an understanding that is more exhaustive on CI definition, the importance of CI for companies, necessary elements in determining CI capability, and various strategies for CI development. From this literature study, a new and more comprehensive definition of CI was found, which categorized the reason why the companies need the CI and identified essential elements in determining CI capability. In addition, the mapping process produced a description of the proportion of CI development strategy as follows: technology-based (11%), People based (15%), organizational & system based (32%), strategic-based (11%), knowledge-based (22%) and collaborative & connectivity based (9%). It can be observed that current CI development strategies still focus on organizational, system based approach, and most of them (81%) rely on the internal resources of the company. Future perspectives, in this digital and internet era, which provides connectivity and the shift of the concept of, own economy to sharing economy; companies will have big potentials to work on innovation collaboratively. CI concept development should consider open innovations instead of today's "do-it-yourself" mentality (closed innovation).
Product manufacturing cost estimation in the early stages of the design process is useful for accelerating product time to market, reducing costs, and increasing quality in order to obtain products with a high level of competitiveness in the free market. Complexity and machining cost are important variables to estimate the final cost of the product. However, current cost estimation models only consider their calculations based on the design which has been determined beforehand, so that it is difficult to apply a cost estimation model early on in the design process because of minimal information. Therefore, in this research, a new method to produce a cost estimation model during the early stage of the design process is proposed. The new model was developed by correlating the cost calculation with the complexity of the machining process based on product features. By using this model, the designers are able to put through design changes quickly by modifying revisions at the manufacturing stage. In this paper, the development and implementation of the proposed cost estimation model which involves the milling process is known as the SPMF (Single Product Multi-Features) Product model is explained in detail. The proposed method shows that the SPMF Product model can be used to produce a manufacturing cost estimation based on process complexity.
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