Almost all countries committed to tackling climate change as agreed in the Paris Agreement in 2015. In developed countries, the European Union (EU) issued the European Green Deal (EGD) with a target of 55% emissions reductions by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2050. Among developing countries, Indonesia has similar targets, which are 29% to 41% emission reductions by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2060 or sooner. EU countries and Indonesia also aim to implement energy transitions by increasing renewable energy shares, especially in the electricity sector, to reduce their emissions. Nevertheless, the EU countries have state-of-art research related to technologies and clean energy policies, allowing the EU as the first continent to commit to net-zero emissions by 2050. Our study aims to take lessons from recommendations in EGD and analyze their fitness for implementation in Indonesia. The research was conducted through a qualitative approach using secondary information and relevant references. We found that almost all recommendations for the energy transition in the EU electricity sector are relevant to Indonesia, except nuclear power plants and electricity tariff policies.
Many studies have stated that Community Gold Mining (CGM) activities are considered as poor and unqualified as a profession. CGM is also believed unfeasible for business, and has less impact to state’s economic system. In general, the mainstream theories believed that CGM is unsustainable. But in fact, informal CGM activities still exist everywhere. Is CGM really unsustainable? Is CGM not proper enough to be officially supported by the state? This paper discusses and examines the practice of CGM. The research location was in Kertajaya Village, Sukabumi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. There are thousands of local people working informally as CGM miners, with gold processing units Glundung/Tubes: Trommel Mercury (TM) method. 6 components of the Gold Production System were being discussed along with its their production costs. The observation was implied for TM processing units, carried out during 2018 - 2019. The supporting data were taken from CGM site: Cijiwa Block, from 2013 to 2017. The results: CGM business in research location is feasible enough, also has high economic potency for state’s taxation. Community’s Miner is qualifying as a profession, since the miner’s income exceeds the local minimum wage. Apart from the fact that the miners still use mercury, those facts show local CGM activity can be sustained.
Environmental problems in coastal areas are related to water resources. This is due to the high demand as a result of population activities on the coast beside the water quality on the coast is less good than that onthe mainland. The objective of this study is to review and compare the selection of clean water supply methods and their alternatives, especially in Hong Kong and Jakarta, from a public policy point of view. Hong Kong has a variety of water supply methods. Currently, the ones that are still used are seawater toilet flushing and water imports from China. In policy formation, Hong Kong has not looked at it holistically or is still traditional. In Indonesia, water resources are the obligation of the state to meet the needs of its population in accordance with the 1 945 Constitution. Jakarta's coastal areas have not fully experienced access to piped water to date, so the Provincial Government has chosen the method of providing water according to public acceptance.
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