Alta prevalencia de sensibilización a alimentos en adultos con enfermedades alérgicas residentes en la zona metropolitana de Guadalajara 1 Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 2 Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. 3 Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Licenciatura en Medicina. Zapopan, Jalisco, México. 4 Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Servicio de Medicina Interna. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
AbstractBackground: The prevalence of food sensitization in adults shows differences owing to geographic, regional and cultural circumstances. Objective: To identify the prevalence and factors associated with food sensitization in adults with allergic diseases. Methods: Cross-sectional study, where medical records of adult patients with any allergic disease and who tested positive to airborne allergens on at least one skin test were reviewed. Age, sex, underlying allergic disease and skin test result were recorded. Statistical analyses included food sensitization prevalence with the corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI), as well as a multivariate analysis to determine associated factors. Results: We included 258 patients with a mean of 36 years of age; 75 % were of the female sex. The most common underlying condition was allergic rhinitis (59 %). The prevalence of food sensitization was 37 % (95 % CI, 31.5-43.3) and it did not vary significantly according to sex or allergic disease in question. The most sensitizing food was soybeans (44.8 %), and associated factors were sensitization to cat dander (OR = 1.8; 95 % CI, 1.03-3.2) and 5 or more positive skin tests (OR = 4.3, 95 % CI 2.3-8.1). Conclusions: The prevalence of food sensitization in people with allergic disease was 40 %. Further studies are required to determine its prevalence in the general population.
The reported prevalence of peanut allergy was consistent with that found in previous studies; symptoms of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were identified as associated factors to peanut allergy.
Antecedentes: Los adolescentes tardíos con asma pocas veces son investigados, dado que generalmente no se incluyen en los grupos de niños ni adultos, además, en México, los estudios que evalúan la tendencia del asma son escasos y sus resultados pudieran diferir de los hallazgos en los países desarrolladosObjetivo: Determinar la tendencia de la prevalencia del asma y sus síntomas en adolescentes tardíos en un periodo de siete años.Métodos: Se compararon las prevalencias de asma y sus síntomas de dos cortes transversales con base poblacional, uno en 2009 y otro en 2016.Resultados: La presencia de sibilancias alguna vez en la vida y durante el año previo se incrementó significativamente entre 2009 y 2016 (12.8 % versus 20.1 % y 7.3 % versus 10.3 %; p < 0.0001 y 0.002, respectivamente). La prevalencia del asma pasó de 7.8 % en 2009 a 12.7 % en 2016 (p < 0.0001). Adicionalmente, las prevalencias de rinitis alérgica (4.5 % versus 9.0 %) y dermatitis atópica (3.8 % versus 5.2 %) también sufrieron incrementos notorios (p < 0.0001 y 0.051 respectivamente).Conclusión: La prevalencia de asma y algunos de sus síntomas en adolescentes tardíos se incrementaron sustancialmente en los siete años previos.
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