Cacao (Theobrama cacao) is one of the main plantation commodities in Indonesia which has an important role for the national economy. The low productivity of cacao plants in Indonesia is due to the condition of old plants, pests and diseases attacks which affect the quality of the fruit and decrease the plant’s productivity. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify of endophytic bacteria from stem, flower, leaf and fruit of T. cacao by using 16S rRNA gene as genetic marker. Twenty seven endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from local plantation in Yogyakarta area. From this study, 8 endophytic bacterial strains exhibited the higher PGP traits. The isolates produced Indole Acetic Acid level by 0.3 to 5.21 ppm/hour. All of isolates had nitrogen fixation activity but have not phosphate solubilization activity. Among them, isolates CSDT 4 and CGKBH 4 showed promising potential as PGP bacteria. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, those bacterial strains were identified as Brevibacillus brevis (CSDT 4) and Pantoea sp. (CGKBH 4). We propose that the B. brevis and Pantoea sp. which is reported for the first time for their PGP potential in cacao, exerts its beneficial effects on cacao crop through combined of activities. The potential PGP bacteria from the Cacao plant was used to make a specific bio-fertilizer formula for the Cacao plant, because of the different needs and condition that every plant requires.
Many plant-associated bacteria synthesize the phytohormone indole acetic acid (IAA). Three bacterial isolates (H1, H2 and H3) were isolated from root nodules of Mungbean (Vigna radiata) and tested for their productivity of indole acetic acid by spectrophotometric method. Isolate H3 showed the highest IAA production (12.28 μg/ml) in culture medium supplemented with L-Tryptophan. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, isolate H3 was identified as Enterobacter cloacae. The cultures condition optimized for maximum IAA production by using different pH and tryptophan concentrations. IAA production of isolate H3 was maximum at pH 6 and 5 mg/ml of tryptophan concentration. The highest IAA producing isolate selected for determining its capability and compatibility to support the germination of soybean. The results showed that germination percentage and rate of soybean were not significantly different between control and isolate H3 treatment.
Limbah pertanian dan serasah daun mengandung unsur hara yang berpotensi sebagai bahan baku kompos yang berguna untuk memperbaiki struktur tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan baku kompos terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil cabai merah keriting. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kompos serasah daun bambu (K1), kompos serasah daun matoa (K2), kompos jerami (K3) dan kompos campuran ketiga bahan (K4). Parameter yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, waktu berbunga dan berbuah, jumlah dan bobot buah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kompos jerami pada tanaman cabai menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tertinggi dibandingkan kompos lain. Perlakuan kompos jerami memberikan rata-rata tinggi sebesar 107,6 cm, jumlah cabang 51,4, waktu berbunga pada hari ke-39, waktu berbuah pada hari ke-54, jumlah buah sebanyak 118,6 dan bobot buah sebesar 230,6 g.ABSTRACTAgricultural waste and leaf litter contain nutrients that have potency as raw material for compost which is useful for improving soil structure and plant growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of compost raw materials on growth and yield of chili. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 5 replications. The treaments consisted of bamboo leaf litter compost (K1), matoa leaf litter compost (K2), rice straw compost (K3) and mixed compost of the tree materials (K4). The parameters observed were plant height, number of branch, time of and flowering and fruiting, number and weight of fruit. The results showed that application of rice straw compost on chili plant produced the highest growth and yield compared to other compost. The rice straw compost treatment gave an average height 107.6 cm, number of branch 51.4, time of flowering on day 39, time of fruiting on day 54, number of fruit 118.6 and weight of fruit 230.6 g.
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