The agricultural production has increased rapidly since the 1980s in China, greatly reducing food shortages in this populous country (Erismanet al., 2008). This is mainly achieved by increasing crop yield on the same area of land by using synthetic fertilizers, irrigation, and pesticides (Zhang et al., 1996; Fan et al., 2010). At the same time, the rapid growth of China's agriculture comes at a high environmental costs, including emissions of greenhouse gases, loss of biodiversity, and degradation of land and freshwater (Ju et al., 2006; Sutton et al., 2013; Norse and Ju, 2015). Therefore increasing agricultural production while reducing nutrient losses to the environment is a major challenge for China, and other countries with a similar situation. Nutrient additions to cereal crops in China far exceed those in the United States and Northern Europe (Vitousek et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2014; Davidson et al., 2015). The over-fertilization leads to a reduction in nutrient use efficiency, and an increased risk of environmental pollution (Gao et al., 2012). Ju et al. (2007) reported that substantial mineral nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) accumulated in the soil and leached down the soil profile. Land-use changes from arable crop to kiwi-orchard increased nutrient surpluses and accumulation in soils Yongli Lu a, b Zhujun Chen a, b
Embryonic implantation involves a complex and well‐coordinated interaction between the developing conceptus and maternal uterus, and the preimplantation period has a major impact on litter size in pigs. The present study aimed to investigate the vital messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate preimplantation in Meishan pigs. The enriched Gene Ontology terms were all related to “binding.” Furthermore, “ECM‐receptor interaction” was predicted as an important pathway that regulated the success of implantation. We speculated that the differentially expressed mRNAs S100A9,
ANXA8,
MUC16, and
FGL2 and the differentially expressed lncRNAs
TCONS_11206566,
TCONS_09904861, and
TCONS_1252933 may play vital roles in the process of implantation. Furthermore, this study verified that
FGL2 was highly expressed on Day 12 of pregnancy, and we also investigated the function of FGL2 during preimplantation in vivo. In conclusion, this study provides useful information for further analyses of the molecular mechanisms of implantation in Chinese domestic pigs.
The Lipase from Pseudomonas alcaligenes (PaL) catalyzes the hydrolysis of racemic menthol propionate to produce L-menthol, one of the most important flavoring agents in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries. However,...
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