Back ground: The current study included 150 samples from patients with Candida from a hospital of Medical City / education labs - Baghdad, and ranged in age from (10 – 65(years for both sexes, all isolates taken from different sources (Lower respiratory tract, Urine, Skin, Vaginal and Oral thrux), where the number of males (55(as a percentage (37%) while the number of females (95) as a percentage (63%). The objective: The objectives of this study are studying resistance and sensitivity of candida spp to some antifungals. Material and methods: All the required material which used for the study, and the direct examination was conducted using potassium hydroxide KOH 10%, As well as microscopic examination and laboratory transplantation for all samples, for the purpose of investigating the candidiasis. Also Vitek System examination was conducted on all positive samples for microscopy and laboratory culturing; and so to be diagnosed on the species level, and this study included using (3) anti-fungal equipped from Himedia (India), an (Fluconazole, Clotrimazole and Nystatin), anti-fungal used by standard disk Diffusion to know the resistance of Candida and its sensitivity toward used anti-fungal. The results: The results of direct examination were vaginal swab (50), Sputum (28), Oral swab (34), Urine (21) and Skin swab (17). Conclusion: Candidiasis was more common in female patients as well as from medical units, where the rate of infection in females more than in males, Candida species were identified by the manual and automated methods and we found that the automated method by using VITEK2 YST Card was the best for species identification.
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a DNA virus of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily and Herpesviridae family. HCMV is a leading cause of congenital infections throughout the world. This study was carried out in Kirkuk governorate from July 2017 to January 2018,aimed at studying there activity of anti-HCMV IgM to various specific HCMV antigens among 180 pregnant women attending hospitals, primary health care centers and some private medical laboratories. The pregnant women were examined for HCMV-IgM seroprevalence using Electro-chemo-luminescence(ECLIA) technique then examined their reactivity for specific HCMV antigens using line immune assay. The rates of HCMV-IgM seropositive were 22 (12.22 %). Regarding the reactivity of determined HCMV-IgM against various HCMV antigens, the rates 14 (63.63%), 13(59.09%), 21(95.45%), 15(68.18%), 21(95.45%) and 16(72.72%) were seropositive for HCMV IE1, CM2, p150, p65, gB1 and gB2 antigens, respectively. Concerning the band intensity of HCMV-IgM reactions with HCMV antigens, the rates of (+++) were higher than other band intensity for all antigens with highest rate for gB1 antigen (85.71%). So, the highest rate of HCMV-IgM reaction with the number of antigens was 40.90% for three antigens at the same time. In conclusion, the highest rate of HCMV-IgM in pregnant women was for gB1and p150 antigens; while the highest rate of intensity reaction was (+++)and the highest rate of HCMV-IgM ability for reaction was for three antigens at the same time.
The study aims at evaluating the relation of Candida spp. with diarrhea in children. A cross sectional study was carried out in Kirkuk city from 15th of January 2017 to 15th of June 2017. The number of patients under study were 120 children between 1 day to 12 years old. These patients admitted to Pediatric Hospital of Kirkuk. The control group who were matched to the patients studied, included 60 apparently healthy children and their ages were between 1 day to 12 years old. The study showed that the highest rate of Candida spp. was found in children with diarrhea comparing with the control (93.33% vs. 11.6%) with highly significant relation. In view of mixed infection of Candida spp., Table 2 shows that the highest rate of Candida spp. was C. albicans (26.57%) followed by 21.43% as C. tropicalis and the lowest rate was C. kafyr (6.25%) while the mixed infection by the four types recorded 30.36%. The highest rate of mixed Candida spp. infection with found in children who were infected with C. albicans with C. tropicalis (23.53%), followed by 17.65% with C. albicans and C. kyrosi (Table 3). Table 4 shows that the highest rates of Candida spp. found in patients who belonged to the age group 1-> 6 years (49.11%) while the lowest rates of Candida spp. infections occurred in age group 6-12 years. Candida spp. infection occurred more frequently in patients from rural areas than those from urban areas. It was concluded that Candida spp. was a highly related with diarrhea in children and Candida albicans was the most isolated species.
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