It is known that the dietary pattern and macronutrients profile may influence the expression and secretion of inflammatory biomarkers, and the low-grade inflammation is associated with the manifestation of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore, this review aimed to present and discuss the role of dietary patterns and macronutrients on the variation of inflammatory markers related to NCD risk. Scientific evidences within the last five years based on clinical trials, case-controls, cohorts, and cross-sectional studies indicate that normocaloric, carbohydrate-moderated, low-glycemic index, protein-moderated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich, omega-3, and low-saturated fat diets display positive effects on the inflammatory state, both in healthy individuals and in those with cardiovascular risk, although the second group seems to benefit more from changes in the dietary profile.
Nutritional status is related to an inflammatory process, and adolescents with excess weight or body fat presented higher amounts of white blood cells.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the peripheral blood white cells, metabolic
changes, and nutritional status of adolescents with and without excess weight and
body fat. METHODS: This cross-sectional study evaluated the body mass index (BMI) and percentage
body fat (%BF) in 362 adolescents from 15 to 19 years of age, of both sexes. White
blood cell count, platelet count, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid
profile were measured. The inclusion criteria were agreement to participate in the
study and signature of the informed consent. Exclusion criteria were: presence of
chronic or infectious disease; use of medications that could cause changes in
biochemical tests; pregnancy; participation in weight reduction and weight control
programs; use of diuretics and laxatives; or the presence of a pacemaker. The
following statistical tests were applied: Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student's t or
Mann-Whitney test, Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, and chi-squared test,
considering p<0.05. RESULTS: Overweight was observed in 20.7% of adolescents. The total cholesterol (TC) had a
higher percentage of inadequacy (52.2%), followed by high-density lipoprotein
(HDL) (38.4%). There was a positive correlation between white cells and serum
lipids, insulin, body fat, and BMI. Monocytes were negatively correlated with BMI,
and rods with BMI, body fat, and insulin. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status is related to an inflammatory process, and adolescents with
excess weight or body fat presented higher amounts of white blood cells.
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