A phytochemical study on fruits of Melia dubia Cav. collected in Nghe An province led to the isolation of three secondary metabolites, including 21α-O-methylmelianodiol (1), 21β-O-methylmelianodiol (2) and (21S,23R,24R)-21,23-epoxy-24-hydroxy-21β-methoxytirucalla-7,25-dien-3-one (3). The chemical structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR and MS analytical results and comparison with reported data. All three compounds (1–3) were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Medicinal higher fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus igniarius have been used as alternative medicine remedies to promote health and longevity for people in Vietnam and other regions of the world since ancient times. Nowadays there is an increasing public interest in the secondary metabolites of those higher fungi for discovering new drugs or lead compounds. Current research in drug discovery from medicinal higher fungi involves a multifaceted approach combining mycological, biochemical, pharmacological, metabolic, biosynthetic and molecular techniques. In recent years, many new secondary metabolites from higher fungi have been isolated and are more likely to provide lead compounds for new drug discovery, which may include chemopreventive agents possessing the bioactivity of immunomodulatory, anticancer, etc. However, numerous challenges of secondary metabolites from higher fungi are encountered including bioseparation, identification, biosynthetic metabolism, and screening model issues, etc. Commercial production of secondary metabolites from medicinal mushrooms is still limited mainly due to less information about secondary metabolism and its regulation. Strategies for enhancing secondary metabolite production were continuously developed.
Seeds of Alpinia blepharocalyx contain high amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with potential antioxidant properties. In this study, the effects of the extraction method on the recovery of phenolic and flavonoid compounds from Alpinia blepharocalyx seeds were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to optimize the extraction conditions of total phenolic and total flavonoid from seeds of Alpinia blepharocalyx. A Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables, namely extraction temperature (°C), extraction time (min), (v/m) and ethanol concentration (%) on the responses: total phenolic content (TPC) and yield. The optimal conditions obtained from response RSM were 52.66 % v/v for the solvent composition, 62.34 (°C) for extraction temperature, 34.48/1 (ml/g) for solvent/material ratio and 125.42 (min) for extraction time. The experimental values of TPC, TFC and yield were 39.31±0.05 mgGAE/g, 12.75±0.07 mgCE/g and 6.97±0.05%, respectively.
ABSTRACT-HCTN_14[11]-cytochalasa-6(12), 13-diene- 1, 21-dione-7, 18, 19- trihydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl-(7S*, 13E, 16S*, 18S*, 19R*) (1), [11]-cytochalasa-6(12),13-dien-1,21-dion-7,18-dihydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl -(7S*, 13E, 16S*, 18R*) (2), ergosterol (3) and ergosterol peroxit (4) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruit body of Daldinia concentrica. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using a combination of UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques (1H-, 13C-NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and MS analyses.
Five compounds, ergosterol (1), 5α,8α-epidioxy-22E-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2); ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (3); lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,26-diol (4) and 3β-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9,24(E)-trien-26-oic acid (5) were isolated from fruiting body of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (Ganodermataceae). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC and HMBC). These compounds were isolated from the Vietnamese fungi for the first time. Moreover, the lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,26-diol is the first compound was found in the fungi.
Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Haraldson (abbreviated as F. multiflora), belonging to Polygonaceae family, has long been used in traditional medicine. Polyphenols, main compounds in F. multiflora roots, have high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, etc. Processing F. multiflora roots is necessary to reduce their negative effect on liver. Study on processing red F. multiflora roots and optimizing the extraction of polyphenols from processed red F. multiflora root product is to decrease the liver toxicity and to find the optimal conditions for extract of polyphenols from processed product. This study deals with the influence of some factors including to the ratio of solvent and medicinal herbs (mL/g), extraction temperature (°C), extraction time (min) on polyphenol content and its activity in red F. multiflora roots. Raw material has been processed by the stewing method with black bean water, then by ultrasonic extraction immersed on an ES-600N device (the ultrasonic capacity of 600W, the particle size of powder of 0.5-1.0 mm). Polyphenol content and its activities were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu technique and DPPH method. The response surface method combined with the Box-Behnken design was used to optimize polyphenol extraction. The optimization results obtained on the raw sample were the solvent/medicinal herb ratio of 5.7/1, the extraction temperature of 42.4°C, the extraction time of 47.6 min while the optimal extraction conditions for processed sample were the solvent/medicinal herb ratio 11.2/1, extraction temperature of 53°C, extraction time of 52 min. At the optimal extraction conditions of F. multiflora roots, the polyphenol content and its activity of raw sample were 60.41±0.14 mgGAE/g and 65.98±0.22%, respectively. They were lower than those of the processed sample, 59.91±0.17 mgGAE/g and 80.18±0.21%, respectively. These results indicated that the processing is necessary for polyphenol extraction from F. multiflora roots to obtain the products having high antioxidation activity.
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