A phytochemical study on fruits of Melia dubia Cav. collected in Nghe An province led to the isolation of three secondary metabolites, including 21α-O-methylmelianodiol (1), 21β-O-methylmelianodiol (2) and (21S,23R,24R)-21,23-epoxy-24-hydroxy-21β-methoxytirucalla-7,25-dien-3-one (3). The chemical structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, UV, IR and MS analytical results and comparison with reported data. All three compounds (1–3) were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Medicinal higher fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus igniarius have been used as alternative medicine remedies to promote health and longevity for people in Vietnam and other regions of the world since ancient times. Nowadays there is an increasing public interest in the secondary metabolites of those higher fungi for discovering new drugs or lead compounds. Current research in drug discovery from medicinal higher fungi involves a multifaceted approach combining mycological, biochemical, pharmacological, metabolic, biosynthetic and molecular techniques. In recent years, many new secondary metabolites from higher fungi have been isolated and are more likely to provide lead compounds for new drug discovery, which may include chemopreventive agents possessing the bioactivity of immunomodulatory, anticancer, etc. However, numerous challenges of secondary metabolites from higher fungi are encountered including bioseparation, identification, biosynthetic metabolism, and screening model issues, etc. Commercial production of secondary metabolites from medicinal mushrooms is still limited mainly due to less information about secondary metabolism and its regulation. Strategies for enhancing secondary metabolite production were continuously developed.
ABSTRACT-HCTN_14[11]-cytochalasa-6(12), 13-diene- 1, 21-dione-7, 18, 19- trihydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl-(7S*, 13E, 16S*, 18S*, 19R*) (1), [11]-cytochalasa-6(12),13-dien-1,21-dion-7,18-dihydroxy-16,18-dimethyl-10-phenyl -(7S*, 13E, 16S*, 18R*) (2), ergosterol (3) and ergosterol peroxit (4) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruit body of Daldinia concentrica. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using a combination of UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR techniques (1H-, 13C-NMR, COSY, HSQC and HMBC) and MS analyses.
Five compounds, ergosterol (1), 5α,8α-epidioxy-22E-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2); ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (3); lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,26-diol (4) and 3β-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9,24(E)-trien-26-oic acid (5) were isolated from fruiting body of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (Ganodermataceae). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC and HMBC). These compounds were isolated from the Vietnamese fungi for the first time. Moreover, the lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,26-diol is the first compound was found in the fungi.
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