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duas perfurações de 1,0 mm de diâmetro), associadas ao manejo do etileno, sobre a manutenção da qualidade em ameixas 'Laetitia'. Os tratamentos avaliados consistiram no armazenamento refrigerado (60 dias a 0,5±0,1ºC) em: atmosfera refrigerada (AR; 21,0 kPa O 2 + <0,03 kPa CO 2 ); AM; AM + baixo etileno (BE); AC; e AC + 1-MCP (1,0 μL L -1 ). As pressões parciais de O 2 + CO 2 (kPa) foram de 1,0 + 1,0 e 2,5 + <0,1, em AC e AM, respectivamente. Os frutos armazenados em AC, independentemente do tratamento com 1-MCP, apresentaram retardo no amadurecimento, quando comparados aos frutos em AR. Contudo, os melhores resultados para a manutenção da textura da polpa e da acidez titulável foram obtidos em AC + 1-MCP. Os tratamentos não interferiram para a incidên-cia de podridões, rachaduras e degenerescência da polpa. Frutos dos tratamentos AM + BE e AC + 1-MCP apresentaram menor intensidade de escurecimento da polpa e maior aceitabilidade quanto à cor e ao sabor na análise sensorial em relação àqueles armazenados em AR. Termos para indexação: Prunus salicina, degenerescência da polpa, pós-colheita, qualidade, 1-MCP. 'LAETITIA' PLUMS STORED IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE AND ACTIVE MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKING WITH ETHYLENE MANAGEMENTABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled atmosphere (CA) and active modified atmosphere packing (MAP) [LDPE film (40 µm), with two perforations (diameter = 1.0 mm) with ethylene management, on quality preservation of 'Laetitia' plums. The cold storage (60 days at 0.5±0.1ºC) treatments evaluated were: stored atmosphere (SA; 21.0 kPa O 2 + <0.03 kPa CO 2 ); MAP; MAP + low ethylene (LE); CA; and CA + treatment with 1-MCP (1,0 μL L -1 ). The partial pressures of O 2 + CO 2 (kPa) were 1.0 + 1.0and 2.5 + <0.1, in CA and MAP, respectively. Fruits stored in CA, regardless of ethylene removal, showed ripening delay compared to fruit in CS. However, the best preservation of flesh texture and titratable acidity was achieved in CA + 1-MCP. The incidences of decay, skin cracking and flesh browning were not different between treatments. Fruits stored in MAP + LE and CA + 1-MCP had lower internal darkening and higher acceptability for color and taste compared to fruit stored in SA.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade de frutos e a relação entre condições climáticas durante o desenvolvimento dos frutos e incidência de degenerescência da polpa no armazenamento em atmosfera controlada (AC) de maçãs 'Fuji'. Foram utilizados frutos de três pomares (Vacaria, RS, e São Joaquim e Lages, SC) e de dois anos agrícolas (2006/2007 e 2007/2008). Durante o desenvolvimento dos frutos, os pomares foram monitorados diariamente, quanto a temperaturas mínimas, médias e máximas, umidade relativa e precipitação. Os frutos foram armazenados por oito meses em diferentes condições de AC, a -0,5±0,1ºC e umidade relativa de 97%. Foram estimadas as correlações de Pearson entre as variáveis relativas às condições climáticas e a incidência de degenerescência da polpa após o armazenamento sob AC. Frutos armazenados sob 1,2 kPa de O 2 e 2,0 kPa de CO 2 apresentaram maior acidez titulável, firmeza de polpa e textura e menores taxas respiratória e de produção de etileno; exibiram, porém, alta incidência de degenerescência da polpa, em comparação aos armazenados sob 1,2 kPa de O 2 e <0,5 kPa de CO 2 . A incidência de degenerescência da polpa diminui com o aumento nas temperaturas médias diárias, ocorridas entre 90 e 210 dias após o pleno florescimento.Termos para indexação: Malus domestica, armazenamento, distúrbios fisiológicos, pingo-de-mel, pós-colheita, qualidade de frutos. Quality of 'Fuji' apples stored under controlled atmosphere and influence of climate on the incidence of internal browningAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate fruit quality and the relation between climatic conditions during fruit development and internal browning incidence under controlled atmosphere (CA) of storage, in 'Fuji' apples. Fruit from three orchards (Vacaria, RS, and São Joaquim and Lages, SC) and two years (2006/2007 e 2007/2008) were evaluated. The orchards were daily monitored, during fruit development, for minimum, medium and maximum temperatures, and for relative humidity and rainfall. Fruit were stored during eight months in different CA conditions, at -0.5±0,1ºC and 97% relative humidity. Pearson's correlations between climatic condition variables and internal browning incidence after CA storage were estimated. Fruit stored under 1.2 kPa of O 2 and 2.0 kPa of CO 2 had higher titratable acidity, flesh firmness and texture, and lower respiration and ethylene production rates; however these fruit exhibited a high internal browning incidence in comparison to fruit stored at 1.2 kPa of O 2 and <0.5 kPa of CO 2 . The internal browning incidence decreases as the medium daily temperatures occurred between 90 and 210 days after full bloom increase.

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ABSTRACT. Macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata) is a promising species for use in biofuel production, and establishing breeding programs is important for the development of commercial plantations. The aim of the present study was to analyze genetic diversity, verify correlations between traits, estimate genetic parameters, and select different accessions of A. aculeata in the Macaw Palm Germplasm Bank located in Universidade Federal de Viçosa, to develop a breeding program for this species. Accessions were selected based on precocity (PREC), total spathe (TS), diameter at breast height (DBH), height of the first spathe (HFS), and canopy area (CA). The traits were evaluated in 52 accessions during the 2012/2013 season and analyzed by restricted estimation maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased predictor procedures. Genetic diversity resulted in the formation of four groups by Tocher's clustering method. The correlation analysis showed it was possible to have indirect and early selection for the traits PREC and DBH. Estimated genetic parameters strengthened the genetic variability verified by cluster analysis. Narrow-sense heritability was classified as moderate (PREC, TS, and CA) to high (HFS and DBH), resulting in strong genetic control of the traits and success in obtaining genetic gains by selection. Accuracy values were classified as moderate (PREC and CA) to high (TS, HFS, and DBH), reinforcing the success of the selection process. Selection of accessions for PREC, TS, and HFS by the rank-average method permits selection gains of over 100%, emphasizing the successful use of the accessions in breeding programs and obtaining superior genotypes for commercial plantations.

This study aimed to estimate the parameters related to the genetic control of the physical characteristics of the fruits, oil content, and oil yield, and to proceed with the selection of macaw palm accessions. Forty-four macaw palm accessions of the active germplasm collection of the Federal University of Viçosa were collected for the evaluation of epicarp dry matter, pulp dry matter, endocarp dry matter, kernel dry matter, oil content, and oil yield. Narrow-sense individual heritability estimates were considered as of intermediate magnitude. The coefficient of repeatability and the accuracy in family selection was of high magnitude. Oil yield per plant presented the highest coefficient of individual genetic variation. Five different accessions contributed to the ten first individuals selected by the individual BLUP. The Mulamba and Mock's rank index allowed classifying the accessions in a sequence favorable to selection.

Accelerated in vitro propagation of elite oil palm genotypes (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by substituting cytokinin with putrescine Clonal multiplication of oil palm enables the formation of commercial plantations with higher yield, which is possible through somatic embryogenesis. However, due to different modifications made in the existing protocols to avoid the appearance of the "mantled flower", the success of this technique has been limited. Thus, this study aimed to apply a cloning protocol, using somatic embryogenesis, to 32 elite oil palm genotypes from a commercial plantation on which cytokinin was substituted with putrescine. All tested genotypes responded positively to callus induction. Moreover, the percentages of responses were differentiated: 65.62% of these genotypes produced embryogenic lines, and 40.62% out of that percentage presented lines with moderate or high multiplication capacity, which is the main factor that enabled the obtaining of clones to form a commercial clonal plantation. The somatic embryogenesis was efficient, making this protocol applicable at a commercial scale, since it allows the obtaining of clones up to 360 days. However, future evaluations on these clones are needed to investigate the appearance of the "mantled flower".