ResumoIntrodução: A halitose é uma condição em que o hálito se apresenta de forma desagradável, acometendo milhares de pessoas e causando impacto negativo para as mesmas. Objetivo: A presente pesquisa em campo buscou avaliar a percepção pessoal em relação à condição de halitose por meio de aplicação de questionário específico e confirmação clínica. Material e método: A amostra foi composta por 59 indivíduos entre 20 e 60 anos de idade, usuários de Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Araraquara, que foram selecionados de forma aleatória. A metodologia empregada constituiu-se de: i) Assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; ii) Aplicação de questionário especialmente elaborado para esta pesquisa; iii) Confirmação clínica, com a aplicação do teste com halímetro (Tanita Breath Alert CHC-212S). Após o experimento, todos receberam folhetos informativos com dados gerais sobre halitose. Os resultados obtidos foram agrupados em tabelas de contingência, construídas pelo Microsoft Excel, sendo então analisados pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. Resultado e conclusão: Após análises, conclui-se que as pessoas perderam a capacidade de perceber o próprio hálito quando tinham halitose; não tiveram condições de se autoavaliarem de forma eficaz; os fatores de riscos que influenciaram na halitose foram: idade superior aos 40 anos, uso de alguns tipos de medicamentos, algumas patologias, frequência de visita ao Dentista e falhas em procedimentos de higiene bucal, tais como escovação dentária, uso do fio dental, limpeza da língua e limpeza de próteses. Os outros fatores pesquisados não se mostraram estatisticamente suficientes para estabelecerem relação de influência na halitose.Descritores: Halitose; diagnóstico; bactérias anaeróbias. AbstractIntroduction: Halitosis is a condition characterized by unpleasant breath, affecting thousands of people and causing a negative impact on them. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate self-perception of halitosis condition by applying a specific questionnaire and having clinical evaluation. Material and method: The sample was composed by 59 randomly selected voluntaries between the ages of 20 and 60 years old who were users of Basic Health Units of Araraquara. The methodologies applied were: 1. Signature of informed consent; 2. Application of standardized questionnaire specially designed for this research; 3. Clinical confirmation through halimeter (Tanita Breath Alert CHC-212S). After the experimental phase, all the volunteers received a document with general information about halitosis (causes and treatment). The results were grouped in Microsoft Excel tables and analyzed by Chi-square test. Result and conclusion: After the analyses, it was concluded that people had lost the ability to perceive their own breath when they had halitosis and they are unable to evaluate themselves effectively; the risky factors that influenced the halitosis were: people over the age of 40, the use some types of drugs, some diseases, frequency of visit to the dentist and poor oral hygiene including bad...

ResumoIntrodução: A evolução dos sistemas adesivos permitiu que os fabricantes desenvolvessem materiais com técnicas cada vez mais simplificadas, porém que, ainda assim, promovessem adequados valores de resistência de união imediata. Sugere-se que alguns tratamentos da superfície dentinária podem favorecer esse processo de adesão. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tratamentos, em superfície dentinária plana condicionada, sobre a resistência de união à microtração de sistemas adesivos do tipo "condiciona-e-lava" de dois passos. Material e método: Noventa e seis terceiros molares humanos foram divididos em 12 grupos (n=8), aleatoriamente, de acordo com o sistema adesivo utilizado (GI: Adper Single Bond 2 -3M ESPE; GII: Prime & Bond 2.1 -Dentsply; GIII: Excite -Ivoclar Vivadent) e o tipo de tratamento do substrato dentinário condicionado (a: água; b: clorexidina + água; c: etanol; d: clorexidina + etanol). Todos os dentes foram restaurados com resina Charisma na cor A2 (Heraeus -Kulzer, Germany) e submetidos a ensaio mecânico de microtração (EMIC DL-2000). O teste estatístico realizado foi ANOVA a um fator, completado com teste de Tukey. Resultado: Os grupos GIIc, GIIIc e GIId apresentaram aumento significativo estatisticamente na resistência de união à microtração imediata. Conclusão: Os diferentes tratamentos da dentina condicionada não afetaram de maneira negativa a resistência de união para todos os sistemas adesivos testados e a utilização da técnica com etanol, associado ou não à clorexidina, parece ser uma interessante abordagem quando associada a sistemas adesivos "condiciona-e-lava" de dois passos.Descritores: Adesivos dentinários; dentina; clorexidina; etanol; resistência de união. AbstractIntroduction: The development of adhesive systems allow manufacturers to develop materials with increasingly simplified techniques, but that still would promote adequate resistance values of immediate union. It is suggested that some treatments of dentin surface can facilitate the process of accession. Objective: To evaluate the effects of different treatments in conditioned flat dentin surface on bond strength to microtensile 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Material and method: Ninety-six human third molars were divided into twelve groups (n = 8) randomly according to the used adhesive system (GI: Single Bond 2 -3M ESPE; GII: Prime & Bond 2.1 -Dentsply; GIII: Excite -Ivoclar Vivadent) and type of treatment of the conditioned dentin (a: water; b: water + chlorhexidine; c: ethanol; d: chlorhexidine + ethanol). All teeth were restored with Charisma color A2 (Heraeus -Kulzer, Germany) and subjected to mechanical testing microtensile (EMIC DL-2000). The statistical test performed was ANOVA 1 factor supplemented with Tukey test. Result: GIIc groups GIIIc and GIId showed statistically significant increase in bond strength to immediate microtensile. Conclusion: The different treatments of dentin did not affect negatively the bond strength for all tested adhesive systems and the use of the technique with ethano...

This in vitro study evaluated the anti-erosive effect of an experimental varnish containing 5% stannous chloride (SnCl₂) associated with different concentrations of NaF (NaF-free, 2.5% NaF, or 5.2% NaF) on bovine enamel and root dentin. One hundred samples were pre-eroded (0.3% citric acid, pH 2.6, 10 min) and randomized into five groups (n=10 for each substrate): Negative control - milli-Q water; NaF-free - Experimental varnish SnCl₂-free and NaF-free; 2.5 NaF - Experimental varnish 5% SnCl₂ associated with 2.5% NaF; 5.2 NaF: Experimental varnish 5% SnCl₂ associated with 5.2% NaF and positive control - Commercial varnish containing 5% NaF (Duraphat). After the varnishes were applied, the erosive and abrasive challenges were carried out for five days. Loss of tooth structure (TSL) was determined by optical profilometry, and the loss of calcium (ΔCa2+) using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Dentin analysis was also performed by SEM. A one-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test was performed to analyze the data (α=0.05). The experimental 2.5 NaF and 5.2 NaF groups showed greater effectiveness in preventing TSL when compared to the other groups (p <0.05), regardless of the substrate. In addition, these groups showed lower loss in Ca2+ content when compared to the other groups (p <0.05), for enamel and dentin. Dentin showed greater TSL and ΔCa2+ loss when compared to enamel in all treatments (p <0.05). The 5.2% and 2.5% NaF-containing experimental varnishes showed promising results in both, the prevention of TSL and the loss of Ca2+, regardless of the substrate studied.

Over time teeth are exposed to several physical-chemical alterations, which may change the dental structure. Therefore, dental clinicians must be aware of how to manage the altered tissue. Laser irradiation and self-etch adhesives may be an option in this situation. This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of self-etch adhesive systems associated with different treatments on hypermineralized dentin. 80 bovine incisors were distributed into two groups: Universal (3M ESPE; n = 40) and Optibond All in One (Kerr; n = 40). Five treatments were performed for each group (n = 8): (T1) adhesive system (control); (T2) acid + adhesive; (T3) Er,Cr:YSGG laser + adhesive; (T4) acid + Er,Cr:YSGG laser + adhesive; (T5) Er,Cr:YSGG laser + acid + adhesive. After bond and restorative procedures, teeth were submitted to microshear bond strength test. ANOVA two-way followed by Games-Howell Test was performed. Statistical significance difference was observed for adhesive systems and treatments (p ⩽ 0.001). For the adhesives used, Universal adhesive system presented the highest average bond strength. The highest bond strength was obtained in the control group (T1), T3 and T4. Laser irradiation may be a viable option as a surface pretreatment on hypermineralized dentin when self-etch adhesives are used.

SUMMARY Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of fiber post customization on the bond strength (24 hours and 6 months), resin cement thickness, and dentinal penetrability of Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose – RelyX ARC (AS-RA), RelyX U200 (R2), and Scotchbond Universal – RelyX Ultimate (SU-RU) cementation systems to root dentin from the cervical-, middle-, and apical-thirds of the post space. Methods: One hundred twenty bovine incisors were endodontically treated. After post space preparation, the roots were divided into six groups, according to the luting protocols (AS–RA, R2, SU– RU) and the type of fiber post [noncustomized post (NC) and customized post (C)]. Customization procedures were peformed using a resin composite (Z350 XT). 24 hours (n=60) or 6 months later (n=60), specimens from the cervical-, middle-, and apical-thirds of the post space were submitted to cementation system thickness measurement, bond strength evaluation, and dentinal penetrability analysis with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Failure mode was classified as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: Cementation protocols with customized fiber posts presented the lowest cementation system thickness, regardless of the cementation system or post space-third (p&lt;0.05), and the highest bond strength values (p&lt;0.05), regardless of the third space (p&gt;0.05), for both periods (24 hours or 6 months). The comparison of push-out bond strength values between 24 hours and 6 months showed a reduction in all groups for the cervical-third (p&lt;0.05). For the middle-third, only noncustomized groups showed reduction (p&lt;0.05). For the apical-third, no reduction was observed (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: Anatomical customization favored both the bond strength of cements to dentin and the dentinal penetrability, but with lower cementation system thickness, regardless of cement composition and adhesive strategy.

Aim:The aim of this case report was to restore the esthetic smile of a patient with agenesis of maxillary right central incisor, while discussing the most important topics in a multidisciplinary approach.

Objective To evaluate the cleaning potential of 95% ethanol, acetone, and amyl acetate solutions used solely or in association, to remove epoxy resin‐based sealer residues from pulp chamber dentin and their microstructural effects. Materials and Methods One hundred and eighty bovine incisor specimens were divided into nine groups according to the cleaning protocol: ET (ethanol); AC (acetone); AA (amyl acetate); E1: AA+AC; E2: AA+ET; E3: AC+ET; E4: AA+AC+ET; PC (positive control), and NC (negative control). All groups were impregnated with epoxy resin‐sealer, except NC. Ninety specimens were divided into groups (n = 10) for evaluation of persistence of residues and amount of open dentinal tubules by SEM analysis and evaluation of chemical compounds on the dentin surface after cleaning with electron dispersive spectroscopy. The others 90 specimens were submitted to Knoop microhardness evaluation. Persistence of residues data were submitted to the Kruskal Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). Open dentinal tubules and microhardness data were submitted to one‐way ANOVA and Mann Whitney tests (α = 0.05). Results AA and E4 protocols showed the lowest persistence of residues. E4 group had the highest incidence of open dentinal tubules. E3 and E4 groups showed no changes in the atomic ratio Ca/P, which was similar to NC group. E4 group did not present W, an element presents in all the other groups. ET and E4 protocols showed the smallest reduction in dentin microhardness. Conclusions The combination of amyl acetate, acetone and ethanol is the most effective and safe protocol to remove epoxy sealer residues on pulp chamber dentin. Moreover, it has the lowest microhardness reduction. Clinical Significance The combined use of amyl acetate, acetone, and ethanol enhanced the cleaning of pulp chamber dentin with minimal microstructural damage.

Objetivo: Avaliar o a influência da remoção de resíduos de dois cimentos à base de resina epóxi (SPL, Sealer Plus ou S26, Sealer 26), com etanol a 95% (ETA) ou xilol (XIL), na interface de adesão entre o sistema adesivo universal (SBU, Scotchbond Universal), utilizado na estratégia condiciona-e-lava, e o substrato dentinário da coroa dental, por meio da avaliação da resistência de união (RU), avaliada pelo teste de microcisalhamento, e análise do padrão de falha adesiva. Materiais e métodos: A face vestibular de quarenta coroas de dentes bovinos ex vivo foram preparadas e dividas e quatro grupos (n=10), de acordo com a composição química do cimento endodôntico (SPL ou S26) e protocolo de remoção dos resíduos (ETA ou XIL): SPL+ETA, SPL+XIL, S26+ETA e S26+XIL. Imediatamente após a impregnação da dentina e remoção dos resíduos do cimento, de acordo com o protocolos selecionado, a superfície dentinária foi condicionada com ácido fosfórico a 27% e aplicado o adesivo universal (SBU). Em seguida, 4 corpos de prova de resina composta foram fixados no local e, 24h após, submetidos ao teste de microcisalhamento e análise do padrão de fratura. Os dados de resistência de união foram analisados pelo teste de ANOVA a 2 critérios. Resultados:S26+ETA e S26+XIL demonstraram menores valores de RU em relação a SPL+XIL e S26+XIL (P < 0,05). Não houve diferença entre SPL+ETA e S26+S26 ou SPL+XIL e S26+S26 (P > 0,05). Conclusão: O xilol é o protocolo mais favorável para a remoção de resíduos do cimento à base de resina epóxi, independentemente da composição química do material, sobre a interface de adesão com o adesivo universal (SBU), utilizado na estratégia condiciona-e-lava.