Objectives: Students experience difficulty working with indirect vision and often adopt inadequate working postures because of it. This study created and then assessed the effects of an indirect vision preclinical training programme on dental students' working posture. Methods: The study enrolled students in the third year of the 5-year undergraduate programme in dentistry in the School of Dentistry of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara (N = 54). The programme consisted of four training sessions in which students performed different types of activities in which only a mirror was used to see the procedure they were performing. To evaluate posture, students were asked to perform class III cavity preparations (distal-palatal and mesial-palatal preparations) on upper central and lateral incisors in a dental mannequin (tooth numbers 11, 12, 21 and 22) both before and after the indirect vision training programme. Photographs were taken of the students' working postures. The photographs were assessed by a duly trained researcher using the Compliance Assessment of Dental ErgonomicPosture Requirements. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and the assumptions of normality were verified. Student's paired t test was also performed. The significance level adopted was 5%.Results: A significant difference was found between the percentages of correct ergonomic postures adopted before and after the training programme (p = 0.039). Conclusions:The preclinical training programme for indirect vision was found to have a positive effect on the working postures of the students evaluated herein.
The objective of this study was to adapt a manual dexterity test to a pre-clinical training setting and to determine its reliability. Ninety-two students in the final year of their undergraduate program in dentistry at the School of Dentistry of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, were evaluated. After the development of the Dental Manual Dexterity Assessment (DMDA), its reliability was evaluated in a reproducibility study. Two examiners evaluated twenty subjects’ test cubes in duplicate under the naked eye and using an X-ray view box and determined the subjects’ final scores on the DMDA. The examiners waited a week between their two scoring sessions, which were referred to as the first assessment and the second assessment. The intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility study was performed using an intra class correlation coefficient (ρ). A descriptive statistical analysis was performed, and the prevalence of the level of manual dexterity and the time required to complete the test were estimated using a point estimation and a 95% confidence interval. Both intra-examiner reproducibility (ρ1=0.892; ρ2=0.938) and inter-examiner reproducibility (ρ1st=0.914; ρ2nd=0.813) were classified as “good” or higher. A high prevalence of manual dexterity levels classified as “high” was observed among the subjects evaluated. The adaptation resulted in a valid and reliable instrument for measuring manual dexterity among dental students. The method is simple and may be implemented early on in undergraduate programs in dentistry.
Objective:The aim of this study was to determine any correlations between difficulty in performing restorative procedures and the adoption of ergonomic posture by dental students in a preclinical course. Methods:The sample was composed of second-year undergraduate students enrolled in the School of Dentistry of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara (n = 56). The data were collected from weekly records in which students who had participated in training in a preclinical restorative dentistry laboratory registered the difficulty they experienced performing given proposed preclinical procedures and adopting ergonomic posture (positioning of students' legs, thighs, spine, arms, and
ResumoIntrodução: A evolução dos sistemas adesivos permitiu que os fabricantes desenvolvessem materiais com técnicas cada vez mais simplificadas, porém que, ainda assim, promovessem adequados valores de resistência de união imediata. Sugere-se que alguns tratamentos da superfície dentinária podem favorecer esse processo de adesão. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes tratamentos, em superfície dentinária plana condicionada, sobre a resistência de união à microtração de sistemas adesivos do tipo "condiciona-e-lava" de dois passos. Material e método: Noventa e seis terceiros molares humanos foram divididos em 12 grupos (n=8), aleatoriamente, de acordo com o sistema adesivo utilizado (GI: Adper Single Bond 2 -3M ESPE; GII: Prime & Bond 2.1 -Dentsply; GIII: Excite -Ivoclar Vivadent) e o tipo de tratamento do substrato dentinário condicionado (a: água; b: clorexidina + água; c: etanol; d: clorexidina + etanol). Todos os dentes foram restaurados com resina Charisma na cor A2 (Heraeus -Kulzer, Germany) e submetidos a ensaio mecânico de microtração (EMIC DL-2000). O teste estatístico realizado foi ANOVA a um fator, completado com teste de Tukey. Resultado: Os grupos GIIc, GIIIc e GIId apresentaram aumento significativo estatisticamente na resistência de união à microtração imediata. Conclusão: Os diferentes tratamentos da dentina condicionada não afetaram de maneira negativa a resistência de união para todos os sistemas adesivos testados e a utilização da técnica com etanol, associado ou não à clorexidina, parece ser uma interessante abordagem quando associada a sistemas adesivos "condiciona-e-lava" de dois passos.Descritores: Adesivos dentinários; dentina; clorexidina; etanol; resistência de união. AbstractIntroduction: The development of adhesive systems allow manufacturers to develop materials with increasingly simplified techniques, but that still would promote adequate resistance values of immediate union. It is suggested that some treatments of dentin surface can facilitate the process of accession. Objective: To evaluate the effects of different treatments in conditioned flat dentin surface on bond strength to microtensile 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Material and method: Ninety-six human third molars were divided into twelve groups (n = 8) randomly according to the used adhesive system (GI: Single Bond 2 -3M ESPE; GII: Prime & Bond 2.1 -Dentsply; GIII: Excite -Ivoclar Vivadent) and type of treatment of the conditioned dentin (a: water; b: water + chlorhexidine; c: ethanol; d: chlorhexidine + ethanol). All teeth were restored with Charisma color A2 (Heraeus -Kulzer, Germany) and subjected to mechanical testing microtensile (EMIC DL-2000). The statistical test performed was ANOVA 1 factor supplemented with Tukey test. Result: GIIc groups GIIIc and GIId showed statistically significant increase in bond strength to immediate microtensile. Conclusion: The different treatments of dentin did not affect negatively the bond strength for all tested adhesive systems and the use of the technique with ethano...
Objectives The present study sought to qualitatively evaluate third‐year undergraduate dental students' perceptions of sources of stress during the transition from preclinical to clinical training. Methods This was an observational, cross‐sectional, and qualitative study with a nonprobabilistic sampling design. The sample consisted of students in the third year of the five‐year undergraduate degree program in dentistry offered by the São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo State, Brazil (n = 37). Data were collected using open‐ended, semistructured, and individual interviews that were recorded on a digital voice recorder. The students were interviewed on campus at a previously scheduled time. Efforts were made to provide a secure and welcoming environment for the interview. The interview questions addressed students' adaptation to clinical training and their perceptions of stress resulting from this transition. Data analysis was based on the qualitative and quantitative Discourse of the Collective Subject (DCS) technique performed with the aid of Qualiquantisoft®. Results Most of the students evaluated (75.7%) reported difficulty in the transition from the preclinical to the clinical phase of their program and that this difficulty increased their stress levels during this transition (81.1%). The most frequently cited reason for the increase in stress was the responsibility and demands associated with caring for real patients (54.1%). Almost half of the students (48.6%) reported feeling physical symptoms of stress such as tachycardia, dizziness, headache, and muscle tension during this period. Most of the students (81.1%) required up to one semester to feel that they had adapted to the clinic. Many students used stress reduction strategies such as simply trying to calm down, studying before their clinical work, improving organisation, and asking professors for help. Adaptation to ergonomics and biosafety in the clinic was the most frequently cited impediment (45.9%) to the adaptation process. The students' main suggestions for reducing stress in this transition phase were additional preclinical training in a clinical setting, a more gradual transition, and greater professor receptiveness. Conclusion The dental students interviewed herein perceived high levels of stress during the transition from preclinical to clinical training.
Over time teeth are exposed to several physical-chemical alterations, which may change the dental structure. Therefore, dental clinicians must be aware of how to manage the altered tissue. Laser irradiation and self-etch adhesives may be an option in this situation. This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength of self-etch adhesive systems associated with different treatments on hypermineralized dentin. 80 bovine incisors were distributed into two groups: Universal (3M ESPE; n = 40) and Optibond All in One (Kerr; n = 40). Five treatments were performed for each group (n = 8): (T1) adhesive system (control); (T2) acid + adhesive; (T3) Er,Cr:YSGG laser + adhesive; (T4) acid + Er,Cr:YSGG laser + adhesive; (T5) Er,Cr:YSGG laser + acid + adhesive. After bond and restorative procedures, teeth were submitted to microshear bond strength test. ANOVA two-way followed by Games-Howell Test was performed. Statistical significance difference was observed for adhesive systems and treatments (p ⩽ 0.001). For the adhesives used, Universal adhesive system presented the highest average bond strength. The highest bond strength was obtained in the control group (T1), T3 and T4. Laser irradiation may be a viable option as a surface pretreatment on hypermineralized dentin when self-etch adhesives are used.
This study evaluates the bond strength of four self‐etching adhesive systems with different acidity levels in normal and artificially hypermineralized dentin substrate. Healthy human molars were divided into groups: normal dentin—N (n = 36) and artificially hypermineralized dentin—H (n = 36). Self‐etching adhesive systems Clearfil S3 Bond (n = 9), Optibond All in One (n = 9), Clearfil SE Bond (n = 9), and Adhese (n = 9) were used for both the N and H groups. Transparent cylindrical matrices were positioned on the treated dentin surfaces, filled with composite resin, and light‐cured for 40 s. After the transparent cylindrical matrices were removed, the specimens were stored for 24 hr in a humid environment at 37°C and were subjected to a micro‐shear bond strength test. For each group, a specimen was prepared and evaluated in scanning electron microscope for adhesive interface observation. Normality was confirmed and the two‐way analysis of variance and Games–Howell post‐tests were conducted (α = .05). The data demonstrated an interaction between the adhesive system and type of dentin substrate (p < .01). For normal dentin, all adhesive systems assessed were adequate; however, in the hypermineralized dentin, the Clearfil SE Bond two‐step self‐etching adhesive system with mild pH presented the highest immediate bond strength. There was a predominance of adhesive failures for all adhesive systems in the different dentin substrates evaluated. It was concluded that the self‐etching adhesive systems evaluated were efficient for both substrates, and for the hypermineralized dentin, the Clearfil SE Bond presented a higher bond strength value.
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