This paper considers the economic and social aspects of organizing the functioning of small forms of green tourism. The importance of developing this type of recreational business as a form of self-realization of peasant farms has been proven. The role of rural entrepreneurship as a factor of regional development has been substantiated. The paper proposes the means to improve the procedure of estimating the efficiency of small forms of entrepreneurial activity. It has been recommended to use indicators that imply an alternative form of estimating the costs of labor by the members of a peasant farm. This paper has proposed a model of a green farm as a form of alternative self-actualization of peasant farms. The positive impact on the level of income of peasants in the case of its practical implementation has been substantiated. The need has been indicated to create a system of appropriate information support for subjects of green tourism at the regional level.
Национальный фармацевтический университет, г. Харьков, Украина A-концепция и дизайн исследования; B-сбор данных; C-анализ и интерпретация данных; D-написание статьи; E-редактирование статьи; F-окончательное утверждение статьи Цель работы-учитывая широкий ассортимент карбомеров, технологий их изготовления, систем растворителей для синтеза, расхождений в наименовании и нормативном регулировании, возникает необходимость в систематизации этой группы вспомогательных веществ для фармацевтической и косметической промышленности. Материалы и методы. В качестве материалов использовали данные официальных сайтов МЗ Украины, FDA и Lubrizol; фармакопеи США (USP/NF), Европы (Ph. Eur) и Японии (JPE); научные публикации. Использовали методы информационного поиска, систематизации теоретического и практического материала. Результаты. В результате изучения официальной нормативной документации установлено, что фармакопея США (USP/NF) содержит монографии под названием «Carbomer Copolymer», «Carbomer Interpolymer» и «Carbomer Homopolymer», которые классифицируются на типы А, В, С, для полимеров, синтезированных без использования бензола, и монографии «Carbomer 934», «Carbomer 934Р», «Carbomer 940», «Carbomer 941», «Carbomer 1342» для полимеров, синтезированных с использованием бензола. Фармакопея Европы (Ph. Eur) содержит монографию «Carbomers» общего характера, требованиям которой отвечают только полимеры «Carbomer Homopolymer» по USP/NF, синтезированные без использования бензола. Фармакопея Японии (JPE) содержит монографию «Carboxyvinyl Polymer», которая включает карбомеры, синтезированные как с использованием бензола, так и без. При использовании карбомеров в фармацевтической разработке лекарственных средств в регистрационных материалах следует предоставлять результаты дополнительных исследований о соответствии качества фармакопейным показателям.
Every year there is an increase in the number of cases of hypersensitivity to bites from various insects. A local allergic reaction to bites occurs within a few minutes and is accompanied by acute pain at the site of the bite, severe itching, hyperemia, the appearance of papules, tissue edema, and sometimes a small-point rash around. Considering the small number of drugs for local therapy of allergic manifestations and the unidirectional nature of their action, it is urgent to develop a drug containing the antihistamine dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol, which plays the role of an anti-inflammatory, reparative and dermatoprotective substance. The aim. The aim of the study is to substantiate the delivery system of dimethindene maleate and dexpanthenol based on biopharmaceutical and rheometric research methods. Materials and methods. To determine the component composition of the active ingredient delivery system, the type of dimetindene maleate administration was substantiated by studying its solubility. As a delivery system for active pharmaceutical ingredients, hydrogels were considered, which were made using high-molecular compounds of various origins: a natural substance – xanthan gum, a semi-synthetic substance – gyroxypropyl methylcellulose, and a synthetic substance – carbomer. The rate of release of dimethindene maleate from hydrogels was estimated by studying the kinetics of release through a semipermeable membrane. The assessment of the viscoelastic properties of hydrogels was carried out by performing an oscillatory rheometry test, which makes it possible to quantitatively determine the viscous and elastic components, as well as to characterize the bioadhesive properties. Results. Based on the results of studying the solubility of dimethindene maleate in hydrophilic non-aqueous solvents, it was determined that propylene glycol is optimal for ensuring the introduction of a substance into hydrogel bases as a solution. As a result of studying the kinetics of the release of dimethindene maleate from hydrogels, it was found that the use of carbomer as a delivery system provides the release of 28.33 % of dimethindene maleate, xanthan gum – 25 %, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose – 7.33 %. When studying the viscoelastic properties by determining the values of the storage modulus G', the loss modulus G" and the damping (attenuation) factor tg δ, it was found that the carbomer-based hydrogel is a viscoelastic solid, the xanthan gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based hydrogels are a viscoelastic liquid. Bioadhesion on the surface of the skin during use has the advantage of carbomer hydrogel. Conclusions. Based on the combination of biopharmaceutical and rheometric methods for substantiating the composition of the delivery system for dimetindene maleate and dexpanthenol, it is rational to use carbomer for further pharmacological and microbiological studies
Assessment of the potential of tourist and recreational clusters and objects of tourist activity remains relevant and still underdeveloped direction in tourism. The article aims to consider the peculiarities of the formation of the regional protentional of tourist and recreational clusters of the member state of the European Union. The methodological paradigm of the formation of potential of tourist and recreational clusters and a technique of its estimation based on systematics of tools and components, which essentially expand a network of the tourist and recreational industry, are substantiated. Methods of hierarchical classification were used. Results and interpretation of the study consists of the components of the competitiveness index for determining the regional level of potential of tourist and recreation clusters in countries in the areas of travel and tourism are presented. Indicators of competitiveness of the regional potential of tourist and recreational clusters are determined. The indicator of the integrated level of efficiency of the formation of regional protentional of tourist and recreational clusters offered. The number of tourists and recreational clusters on the EU member states has been determined. The share of regional potential of tourism and recreation clusters in terms of their total contribution to national income is calculated, as well as the average growth of national income from the projected value of regional potential of tourists and recreation clusters in EU member states.
Обосновывается необходимость в условиях всевозрастающей роли информационно-коммуникативных технологий использовать информационный подход к анализу динамики культуры. Информационная культура рассматривается как новый переходный тип культуры, этап социокультурной эволюции, отличительная особенность которого-качественно новый уровень обработки, передачи и хранения информации. Утверждается, что характерный для данного этапа уровень производства и потребления информации может стать фундаментом качественного изменения существования людей, открывающего перспективу освобождения от жестких рамок традиционно-культурного и биологического характера. Ключевые слова: информационная культура; информационно-коммуникативные технологии; информационный подход; информационное общество; социальная эволюция; социокультурная динамика.
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