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Este estudo teve como objetivo principal determinar a prevalência das dermatopatias não-tumorais que acometem cães do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para isso, foram acompanhados os atendimentos dermatológicos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, e em um consultório veterinário particular no período de março de 2005 a junho de 2008. Durante esse período foram atendidos 480 cães com problemas dermatológicos, desses, em 393 (81,9%) foi possível estabelecer o diagnóstico definitivo e em 87 (18,1%) o diagnóstico não foi conclusivo. Esses 393 cães com diagnóstico conclusivo totalizaram 502 diagnósticos, sendo 424 diagnósticos primários e 78 diagnósticos secundários. A distribuição dos diagnósticos em relação às categorias de dermatopatias diagnosticadas foi a seguinte: dermatopatias alérgicas (190/502 [37,8%]), dermatopatias bacterianas (103/502 [20,5%]), dermatopatias parasitárias (97/502 [19,3%]), dermatopatias relacionadas ao ambiente (28/502 [5,6%], dermatopatias fúngicas (20/502 [4,0%]), dermatopatias endócrinas (13/502 [2,6%]), defeitos da ceratinização (11/502 [2,2%]), dermatopatias psicogênicas (9/502 [1,8%]), alopecias adquiridas (6/502 [1,2%]), dermatopatias auto-imunes (6/502 [1,2%]), dermatopatias hereditárias (6/502 [1,2%]), anormalidades pigmentares (1/502 [0,2%], dermatopatias nutricionais (1/502 [0,2%]) e outras dermatopatias (11/502 [2,2%]). No geral, as 10 principais dermatopatias não-tumorais, em ordem decrescente de freqüência, foram: atopia, dermatite alérgica à picada de pulga, foliculite bacteriana superficial, sarna demodécica, foliculite bacteriana profunda/furunculose, sarna sarcóptica, miíase, alergia alimentar, dermatite piotraumática e malassezíase. Essas 10 condições perfizeram juntas aproximadamente três quartos de todas as doenças de pele de cães diagnosticadas neste estudo.

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(12):1215-1222, dezembro 2014 1215 RESUMO.-[Cinquenta anos num piscar de olhos: um estudo retrospectivo sobre lesões oculares e perioculares em animais domésticos.] Foi realizada uma investigação para obter-se uma visão geral das lesões oculares e perioculares de mamíferos domésticos diagnosticadas ao longo de um período de 50 anos num laboratório de diagnóstico de patologia veterinária da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Nesse laboratório, durante o período pesquisado foram realizados 33.075 exames histopatológicos, 540 dos quais (1,6%) eram de lesões oculares e perioculares. Por várias razões, 90 espécimes foram excluídos do estudo. As 450 amostras restantes consistiam espécimes de cães (53,5%), bovinos (28,2%), gatos (11,1%), cavalos (5,1%), ovelhas (1,3%), coelhos (0,4%), e porco (0,2% A survey was undertaken aiming to obtain an overview of ocular and periocular lesions diagnosed in domestic mammals over a period of 50 years in a veterinary pathology diagnostic laboratory in the Central Region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In this lab, 33,075 histophatological exams had been performed over the period surveyed, of which 540 (1.6%) concerned ocular and periocular lesions. For various reasons ninety specimens were excluded from the study and the remaining 450 consisted of samples from dogs (53.5%), cattle (28.2%), cats (11.1%), horses (5.1%) sheep (1.3%), rabbits (0.4%), and pig (0.2%). The eyelids were the most prevalent (248/450) site of lesions in each of the species studied, followed by third eyelid (73/450), and conjunctiva (27/450). In dogs (241 samples) lesions in sebaceous glands (including Meibomian glands) were the most common findings (75/241), followed by melanocytic tumors (52/241) and nonspecific conjunctivitis (13/241). Squamous cell neoplasms, both benign and malignant, were relatively common. In cattle, anatomical sites affected by ocular and periocular lesions, in decreasing order of frequency, were eyelid, cornea and third eyelid. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) alone accounted for 80.3% of all diagnoses, while all neoplastic lesions made up for 85.0% of the lesions diagnosed in cattle. Neoplasia accounted for most of the lesions diagnosed in cats (39/50 cases); all of these were malignant, and SCC, hemangiosarcoma and fibrosarcoma were the most common types diagnosed. In horses, 19 out of 23 submissions were neoplasms and most were sarcoid (8/23) and SCC (8/23). There were six submissions from sheep with unpigmented skin, all of which represented SCC of the eyelids (5) and third eyelid (1).

Granulocytic sarcoma is a morphologic presentation of myeloid sarcoma, a hematopoietic neoplasm affecting bones or extramedullary sites 1 ; in this latter case, the growth is also referred to as extramedullary myeloid tumor, myeloblastoma, 7 or myelosarcoma. 2 Granulocytic sarcomas may originate from variably differentiated precursors, from both neutrophilic and eosinophilic lineages. Such sarcomas tend to occur grossly as characteristic green masses; therefore, the sobriquet "chloroma," derived from the Latin transliteration of the Greek khlorós, meaning green, was given to the neoplasm. 18 In human beings, granulocytic sarcomas precede or occur concomitantly with acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, or myelodysplastic syndromes but are also described without association with any other hematologic disturbance. 1,2,9 In the veterinary literature, granulocytic sarcomas are mentioned affecting dogs, cats, cattle, 19 a rabbit, 15 and a pig. 6 In dogs and cats, the more consistently involved organs are the lungs, intestine, skin, 20 lymph nodes, and liver. 18 In one of the few reports found in the veterinary literature, this tumor is mentioned as a mass in the neck of a Bull Terrier dog. 11 In cattle, skeletal muscle is characteristically affected. 20 In the case reported in a rabbit, the granulocytic sarcoma involved the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and skeletal muscle of the perineum. 15 In the pig, the tumor involved liver, kidneys, and mesenteric lymph nodes. 6 Differently from what occurs in human patients, animals affected by granulocytic sarcomas are almost always aleukemic; however, progression to a leukemic may occur. 20 The current report describes gross findings, cytology, histopathology, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry of a multicentric eosinophilic granulocytic sarcoma affecting a pig.

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NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in synaptosomes and platelets and oxidative stress parameters, such as TBARS levels, non-protein thiols and catalase activity were analyzed in rats submitted to demyelination by ethidium bromide (EB) and treated with vitamin E. The following groups were studied: I control (saline); II (canola oil); III (vitamin E); IV (EB) and V (EB and vitamin E). 2mg/kg of vitamin E were injected intraperitoneally in animals from groups III and V for seven days. After this time, the animals were submitted to euthanasia and samples were collected for biochemical assays. The results showed that NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase activities were significantly increased in synaptosomes and platelets of rats from group IV when compared with the groups I, II, III and V (p<0.05). When demyelinated rats were treated with vitamin E (group V), NTPDase activity in synaptosomes and platelets was reduced to control level, while 5'-nucleotidase activity was significantly increased in relation to the control group (p<0.05). TBARS levels and non-protein thiols were significantly increased in group IV (p<0.05), while catalase activity was significantly decreased in this group when compared with the control group (p<0.05). No differences in TBARS levels, non-protein thiols and catalase activity were observed in groups I, II, III and V. These findings demonstrate that ectonucleotidase activities in synaptosomes and platelets and some parameters of oxidative stress were altered after a demyelinating event on the nervous system and that treatment with vitamin E modulated adenine nucleotide hydrolysis and altered oxidative stress parameters in this experimental condition.