ResumoFoi realizado um estudo retrospectivo de um período de 13 anos, entre 2000 e 2012, nos arquivos do Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (LAP), da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS). Para esse estudo utilizaram-se 2.359 laudos de necropsias de bovinos que tinham conclusão diagnóstica. Em 151 deles (6,40%) as causas de morte foram atribuídas às doenças tóxicas, agrupadas em intoxicações por plantas e outras doenças tóxicas. As intoxicações por plantas foram responsáveis por 88,9% dos surtos diagnosticados. Em ordem decrescente de frequência, as intoxicações pelas seguintes plantas foram descritas: Brachiaria spp. (27,88%), Vernonia rubricaulis (25%), Amorimia pubiflora (11,54%), Senna occidentalis e S. obtusifolia (8,65%), Enterolobium contortisiliquum e polpa cítrica (3,85% cada), Stylosanthes spp. (2,88%), Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (1,92%), Manihot spp., Simarouba versicolor, Crotalaria spp., Pterodon emarginatus e Solanum malacoxylon (0,96% cada). Neste grupo também foram agrupadas as nefropatias tóxicas, responsáveis por 9,62% dos surtos. Dentre as outras doenças tóxicas diagnosticadas, são descritas as intoxicações por chumbo (30,77%), ureia (23,08%), cloreto de sódio, abamectina e acidentes ofídicos (15,38% cada). Neste estudo, 5,6% dos diagnósticos conclusivos realizados em bovinos de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) durante o período estudado foram atribuídos à ingestão de plantas tóxicas, o que evidencia a importância deste diagnóstico e suas perdas econômicas. Os surtos de intoxicação por Brachiaria spp. foram mais frequentes, mas sua importância como planta tóxica é pequena quando comparada à extensão territorial em que está plantada. Entretanto, os casos subnotificados podem modificar a importância da Brachiaria spp. como planta tóxica. Palavras-chave: Doenças de bovinos, intoxicações por plantas, doenças tóxicas, estudo retrospectivo, epidemiologia, patologia, Mato Grosso do Sul AbstractA retrospective study has been conducted for a period of 13 years, between 2000 and 2012, on files archived at

This study was designed to assess the influence of genetic resistance against brachiaria poisoning in sheep. Two groups of sheep, one identified as susceptible (formed by two ewes and one ram) and the other as resistant against brachiaria poisoning (formed by three ewes and one ram) were selected. Sheep considered susceptible were those that presented clinical signs of brachiaria poisoning at any time of their life; resistant sheep were those that even raised on Brachiaria spp. pastures, did not developed any sign of the poisoning during their life. The offspring of the two flocks (15 lambs from the sensitive flock and 9 lambs from the resistant flock) were placed into brachiaria pasture (initially Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha,and only B. decumbens after weaning) and followed up during two years (2013)(2014). The determination of protodioscin levels in B. decumbens pasture was performed only in 2014 and revealed significant amounts of the toxic principle. Eleven lambs of the susceptible group were affected to some degree of brachiaria poisoning and six died; no lamb of the resistant group was affected. Clinical signs consisted of varying degrees of subcutaneous edema of the face and, erythema and loss of hair of the ears, crusts on the skin of ears, around the eyes and on planum nasale, scar deformation of the ears, and bilateral ocular discharge; affected lambs also sought for shadowy shelters and they were poor doers. Several sheep recovered from the condition and then relapsed. Necropsy findings in six lambs included pale mucous membranes, emaciation, dermatitis, scar deformation of the ears, large yellow livers with marked lobular pattern, and moderate infestation by Haemonchus contortus. Histologically the liver lesions were similar in all necropsied lambs but with varying degrees of severity; they were consistent with brachiaria poisoning and included architectural disruption of hepatocellular trabecula, clusters of foamy macrophages occasionally forming multinucleated giant cells, swollen and vacuolated hepatocytes, crystals or negative images of crystals in the biliary system, bilestasis, bile duct proliferation and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in portal triads. The skin lesions were those of photodermatitis and included epidermal necrosis, hyperkeratosis and dermal neutrophilic infiltrate. The results of this study allow to conclude that there is a genetic related resistance to brachiaria poisoning in sheep since the progeny of resistant sheep did not manifest the poisoning.

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A 13-year-old female German Shepherd dog was euthanised and submitted to necropsy after a 7-month history of prolonged recumbency and vocalisation. Gross anatomical changes consisted of a well-demarcated, 3.5×1.5 cm, soft red mass that effaced the right lateral ventricle and compressed the adjacent neuroparenchyma. Histologically, elongate neoplastic cells with astrocytic morphology were arranged in short bundles and streams supported by a neuropil-like stroma. Neoplastic cells were immunopositive for glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2), and immunonegative for e-cadherin and pancytokeratin. Histological and immunohistochemical features were consistent with a high-grade astrocytoma with ventricular invasion, a rare feature of astrocytic tumours in dogs.

Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34(8) Lesions caused by excessive reaction to foot and mouth vaccine were observed in 1,815 out of 5,000 cattle slaughtered in a slaughterhouse under federal meat inspection. Such lesions resulted in condemnation of the affect parts of the carcasses in accordance with the Brazilian Federal Meat Inspection Regulations. The affected cattle had been vaccinated on May 2012 and then slaughtered in September of the same year. They were allotted to two groups with 1,500 (Groups 1) and 315 cattle (Group 2). Post vaccination lesions were characterized as salient, firm variable sized nodules multifocally distributed in the musculature of the lateral neck. Pus oozed at the cut surface of these nodules. Samples of 28 cattle were submitted for histopathological examination; main findings were pyogranulomas with central variable-sized clear spaces surrounded by marked infiltrate of viable and dead neutrophils, which were surrounded by epithelioid macrophages with vacuolated cytoplasm and occasional multinucleated giant cell. This inflammatory reaction was walled by abundant connective tissue infiltrated by lymphocytes and plasma cells. Samples of the lesion of six cattle were submitted to bacteriological culture with negative results. When affected carcasses went through dressing, there was an average of 1.8 and 2.0 kg of muscle tissue cut off from the carcasses respectively of Group 1 and 2. Economic losses in the farm of origin of the affected cattle was R$ 20,424.00, considering the price paid by kg of cattle for slaughter at the time of the occurrence. This amount at that time was enough to buy 29.17 weaned calves for fattening. If one considers theses 5,000 cattle vaccinated on the farm as the population at risk, the morbidity rate would be 0.36%. These results indicate that the losses due to vaccine reaction, even with no overt clinical signs, may cause important economic losses.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the methods of collecting Brachiaria spp. (Simulated Grazing vs. Total Collection) for the determination of protodioscin concentrations and to monitor the intoxication in sheep susceptible and resistant to poisoning by Brachiariaspp. The collection of Brachiaria spp. was done through two different methods. The first one consisted in throwing a metallic square at 10 random picket points. The second was performed simulating, with the hands, the grazing behavior of sheep. The leaf blades obtained by the two methods were conditioned in a forced ventilation oven. The extraction and quantification of protodioscin from the dry milled plant material was done by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The collections were carried out at three stages of the life of experimental lamb (suckling, rearing, and finishing). The lambs were divided into resistant and susceptible to intoxication by Brachiaria spp. The criterion for a lamb to be considered sensitive was to present some clinical signs at some stage of its life. No significant differences were observed between the general averages of the two collections when the evaluation was done in the whole period. However, a significant difference was found at the onset of the clinical signs. The concentrations of protodioscin in this period were higher in Brachiaria spp. collected by the simulating grazing method. Both methodologies were efficient to determine the level of protodioscin in the pastures of Brachiaria spp. However, during the periods when the outbreaks occurred, the simulated grazing method was more reliable.