The capacity of the isolated barley aleurone layer for endosperm acidification has been demonstrated (J Mikola, M Virtanen 1980 Plant Physiol 66: S-142). The kinetics of this acidification by isolated wheat aleurone layer and its effect on starchy endosperm solubilization are reported.
Las metodologías participativas en el ámbito docente universitario tienen especial relevancia considerando las últimas reformas legislativas en torno a los Espacios Europeos de Educación Superior (EEES). En este artículo se analizan las dinámicas de participación del alumnado y el profesorado universitario desde un enfoque de género dentro del marco de un proyecto de innovación docente, aplicado en diversas asignaturas y facultades de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en el curso 2019-20. La metodología de esta iniciativa parte de un proceso de investigación acción participativa (IAP), que se ha desarrollado en tres fases: observación, autorreflexiones y propuestas de transformación. Tras el análisis de las dinámicas de clase, se ha evidenciado que existen desigualdades en la participación del alumnado en función del género, y a partir de éstas se proponen estrategias de mejora que promuevan una formación del profesorado universitario en igualdad.Participatory methodologies in the university teaching field have special relevance considering the latest legislative reforms around the European Higher Education Spaces (EHEA). This article analyzes the dynamics of participation of students and university teachers from a gender perspective within the framework of a teaching innovation project, applied in various subjects and faculties of the Complutense University of Madrid (2019-20). The methodology of this initiative is based on a participatory action research (IAP) process, which has been developed in three phases: observation, self-reflections and transformation proposals. After the analysis of class dynamics, it has been shown that there are inequalities in the participation of students according to gender and from these, improvement strategies are proposed that promote a training of university teachers in equality.
We are at a time when gender equality is understood as a matter of human rights and social justice. For this reason, in the frame of development of a democratic Europe, social movements demand a gender equality perspective in all educational stages. However, the Member States of the European Union configure their educational and gender policies around different interpretative frameworks. From the perspective of globalization and the creation of supranational organizations, this article analyzes the interpretative frameworks and values the possibility of assuming the existence of a common framework for European countries for the improvement of higher education institutions. It is concluded that the linking capacity of the European Union and the global dynamics allow the implementation of common policies to the Member States. Thus, a series of basic demands raised by feminist movements at the international level and the relevance of their integration in European universities are exposed. The problems to be addressed that are collected throughout the article and that limit the inclusion of gender equality in higher education institutions are: gender segregation, unequal distribution of power, poor access to decision-making positions, need of conciliation and attention to care, elimination of biases in research and teaching, transformation of the organizational culture and institutional support. The relevance of initial teacher training with a gender perspective is also needed for the effective transformation and the definitive eradication of inequalities.
We studied the pattern of distribution of the common genet (Genetta genetta) in areas in mountains and plains of central Spain, in the middle of the range of the species. We evaluated the role of temperature, rainfall, and habitat features in determining the ecological limits of genet distribution. Genets were very scarce on plateaux and the upper parts of the mountains, but were widely distributed in lower mountain areas. Genets were present in areas with abundant shrub cover, high mean of the mean minimum temperature and high mean of mean winter temperatures. Survey routes at the same altitude (<1000 m) in the mountains (genets abundant) and on the plateaux (genets very scarce) also differed in some of these variables, with low values on the plateaux for shrub cover, mean of the mean minimum temperatures, mean of the mean winter temperatures, and annual rainfall. Genets originated in Africa, therefore they are probably ill-adapted (morphologically and physiologically) for the cold conditions predominating in most of central Spain. Their preference for shrubby habitats may be linked to a greater availability of food and low risk of predation. Intermediate levels of rainfall may be correlated with higher temperatures, the key factor hypothesized to affect the distribution of this species. The distribution of the common genet fits a multimodal model, with peaks (presence) and valleys (absence) in the middle of its range, indicating that location in a particular part of the range is not a prior indicator of habitat suitability for the species.Résumé : Nous avons étudié la répartition des genets (Genetta genetta) dans les montagnes et les plaines du centre de l'Espagne, au milieu de l'aire de répartition de l'espèce. Nous avons évalué l'influence de la température, des précipitations et des caractéristiques de l'habitat sur l'établissement des limites écologiques de la répartition de l'espèce. Les genets sont très rares sur les plateaux et au haut des montagnes, mais ils sont bien répandus dans la partie basse des montagnes. Ils fréquentent les zones buissonneuses où la moyenne des températures minimales moyennes et la température moyenne en hiver sont élevées. Les routes empruntées pour faire l'inventaire à la même altitude (<1000 m) dans les montagnes (genets abondants) et sur les plateaux (gents très rares) diffèrent par certaines de ces variables : la couverture buissonneuses est peu abondante sur les plateaux, de plus, la moyenne des températures minimales moyennes, la moyenne des températures moyennes en hiver et les précipitations annuelles sont faibles. Les genets sont d'origine africaine et ils sont probablement mal adaptés (morphologiquement et physiologiquement) aux conditions froides qui prévalent dans la plus grande partie du centre de l'Espagne. La préférence pour les zones buissonneuses est sans doute reliée à une abondance plus grande de nourriture et une prédation moins intense. L'association à des quantités intermédiaires de précipitations peut être reliée à des températures plus chaudes qui semble...
In this paper we consider gender as a category of analysis to study the educational speeches that the "Sección Femenina" (political organization for women) addressed to women during Franco's dictatorship. Following the new approaches of contemporary historiography that requires another type of sources and methods our analysis focuses in the feminine magazine "Consigna". This publication was the vehicle that the "Sección Femenina" used to spread their educational slogans, that is to say, the way that this pro-Franco institution was dedicated to the indoctrination of women, especially female teachers, due to their multiplying influence in education circles.Key words: Gender, Franco's dictatorship, "Sección Femenina" , women, education, female teachers. RESUMENEn nuestro estudio consideramos el género como una categoría de análisis para examinar los discursos educativos que la Sección Femenina dirigió a las mujeres durante el franquismo. En este sentido, y de acuerdo con los nuevos enfoques de la historiografía contemporánea que requiere otro tipo de fuentes y métodos, nos ha interesado analizar la revista femenina "Consigna" por tratarse de un vehículo propagador de los discursos educativos trasmitidos por la Sección Femenina, organismo adoctrinador del régimen franquista en lo que se refiere a la transmisión de valores dirigidos a las mujeres y, de forma muy especial, a las maestras por su efecto multiplicador y propagador.Descriptores: Género, franquismo, Sección Femenina, mujeres, educación, maestras. RÉSUMÉDans ce papier nous considérons le genre (sexe) comme une catégorie d'analyze pour examiner les discours éducatifs que la « Sección Feminina» (l'organisation politique pour femmes) adressait aux femmes sous la dictature de Franco. En suivant les nouvelles approches de l'historiographie, qui requiert un autre type de sources et de méthodes, notre analyse se concentre sur la revue féminine «Consigna.» Cette publication servait de vehicule à la «Sección Feminina» pour répandre leurs slogans éducatifs, c'est-à-dire, l'avenue utilisée par de telles institutions pro-Franco pour endoctriner les femmes, surtout les enseignantes, à cause de leur effet multiplicateur.
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