The
coke formation, liquid product distribution, alterations in
catalytic active sites, and variations of residue colloidal stability
were analyzed to investigate the additive effect of iron(III) dodecylbenzenesulfonate
(IDBS) with an oil-soluble Mo catalyst in slurry-phase hydrocracking
of Venezuela fuel oil (VFO). Experiments demonstrated that IDBS as
well as polyoxyethylenesorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
(SDBS) for comparison could separately promote the amount of suspended
coke and reduce the sedimentary coke on the surface of the reactor,
while changes in total coke were minor. In the presence of the Mo
catalyst, IDBS showed a significant synergy effect with the Mo catalyst
on mitigating the coke formation in contrast to Tween 80 and SDBS.
The sulfidity of the Mo catalyst and catalytic active centers for
hydrogenation were facilitated using IDBS, according to the analyses
of the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) determination and X-ray diffraction
(XRD) spectroscopy. In addition, analyses of saturate, aromatic, resin,
and asphaltene (SARA) composition, collodial stability parameter (CSP),
and coking inducing period, together with Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR) spectroscopy, indicated the improvement of colloidal stability
when IDBS was added. Micromorphology and sizes of coke were compared
via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis
(LPSA), respectively, confirming that the synergism between IDBS and
the Mo catalyst decreased the total coke and improved the dispersity
of coke in slurry-phase hydrocracking.
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