Study on catalytic performance of oil-soluble iron-nickel bimetallic catalyst in coal/oil co-processing

Formation of Ni–MoS3 Hollow Material with Enhanced Activity in Slurry-phase Hydrogenation of Heavy Oil

“…The catalytic hydrogenation activity of the catalyst was evaluated by the I value, which could be calculated by formula . A larger value of C r or I indicated a better catalytic effect. , …”

“…Adding catalysts to the heavy oil slurry-phase hydrogenation reaction system is a very effective way to inhibit coke formation. These catalysts are mainly of two forms, solid powder catalysts and dispersed catalysts, − and the active components of these catalysts are generally transition metals of the IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB, and VIII families, such as cobalt, molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), and iron. − Although Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) has industrialized this technology, researchers and research institutions still continue to investigate the catalysts to improve the catalytic efficiency and reduce the costs, thereby improving the technical economy of this process. − However, in the slurry-phase hydrogenation reaction, the catalyst that is preferably dispersed in the raw material is likely to agglomerate during the heating process or the initial stage of the reaction to produce a large particle diameter. , Such agglomeration seriously affects the catalytic activity and the efficiency of use of metals because it is difficult for the metals inside the catalyst particles to contact the feedstock oil or H 2 to exert their activities of hydrogenation and coke inhibition, which is consistent with the results reported in the refs and ; that is, taking Mo catalyst as an example, the hydrogen evolution activity of MoS 2 is proportional to the number of edge sites on its outer surface, and the MoS 2 , which can exert hydrogen evolution reaction activity accounts for only a small portion of the entire MoS 2 . Therefore, designing a catalyst with a hollow structure , may improve this phenomenon because the active metal will be distributed in the shell of the hollow structure catalyst, thereby increasing the utilization of the metal.…”

Study on Hydrogenation Performance of Oil-Soluble Molybdenum Catalyst in Coal-Oil Co-Processing

“…On the other hand, carbon deposition and metallic impurities can easily cause the deactivation of catalyst under operating conditions. It is widely accepted that catalyst is the key to improving the utilization rate of coal and inferior oil, which has attracted major attention of many scientists (Ikenaga et al 1997;Bodman et al 2002;Chianelli et al 2009;Nikulshin et al 2014;Li et al 2018;Chen et al 2019). As more and more people are keen on developing innovative hydrogenation catalysts, the pace of progress in this area is accelerating.…”

Influence of the Iron Proportion on the Efficiency of an Oil-Soluble Ni–Fe Catalyst Applied in the Co-liquefaction of Lignite and Heavy Residue

“…Several studies indicated that the incorporation of iron to molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, and nickel, is relatively easy. , However, the synergetic effects between iron and the second metal on hydrodesulfurization activity were not remarkable. , As for the coal liquefaction performance, Fe–Ni sulfides produced similar hydrogenation activity to the Ni–Mo sulfides for the coal liquefaction with tetralin, reaching a high oil yield of around 70%; , the order of metal impregnation is known to influence the activity of the catalyst. , FeNi-S/γ-Al 2 O 3 facilitated the formation of active hydrogen atoms as well as further subsequent radical hydrogen transfers, and thus more organic matter in the bituminous coal was converted into a soluble portion through catalytic hydroconversion . Recently, we showed that oil-soluble Fe–Ni catalyst precursors exhibit a significant effect on the inhibition of coke formation during the co-processing of coal and heavy oil . Considering the merits and demerits of nickel and iron sulfides, the combination of both inexpensive nickel and iron via an efficient dispersion method may be promising for the development of a low-cost and high-activity hydrogenation catalyst and is worthy of detailed research.…”

“…30 Recently, we showed that oil-soluble Fe− Ni catalyst precursors exhibit a significant effect on the inhibition of coke formation during the co-processing of coal and heavy oil. 31 Considering the merits and demerits of nickel and iron sulfides, the combination of both inexpensive nickel and iron via an efficient dispersion method may be promising for the development of a low-cost and high-activity hydrogenation catalyst and is worthy of detailed research. The cause of catalytic property improvement involves many aspects including comprising the alternations of sulfidation degree, 32 particle size, 33 electronic state, or morphology of catalysts.…”