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Abstract. The molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDTP) with the feature of selfsulfurization, has been prepared, characterized and evaluated in the slurry-phase hydrocracking of Karamay atmospheric residue (KAR) as catalyst precursor. The selfsulfurization of MoDTP achieved fine MoS 2 particles with lower crystallinity and higher surface Mo 4+ proportion in contrast to that of molybdenum naphthenate, implying the well sulfurized statement of MoDTP. Low coke yield and large asphaltene aggregate size using MoDTP proved the favorable hydrogenation activity of self-sulfurized catalyst in hydrocracking of residue.