Protein degradation during ensiling is a major problem. Tannins are known to prevent or decelerate protein degradation in the rumen and may be able to do so in silages as well. Therefore, the present evaluation aimed to analyse the influence of tannins on silage quality. This was done by integrating from all suitable experiments found in literature on the topic in a meta‐analysis approach. A total of 122 datasets originating from 28 experiments obtained from 16 published articles and one own unpublished experiment were included in the database. Tannins in the silages originated either from the plants ensiled or from supplementations of tanniferous plants or tannins extracted from such plants. Tannin concentrations ranged from 0 to 57.8 g/kg dry matter, and the ensiling period varied from 30 to 130 days. The analysis was based on the linear mixed model methodology in which the different studies were considered as random effects and tannin‐related properties (either concentration or type of tannins) were treated as fixed effects. Results revealed that greater concentrations of tannins were associated with a decrease of butyrate concentration in the silages (p < 0.05). An increasing tannin concentration was also accompanied with smaller proportions of soluble N, free amino acid N, non‐protein nitrogen and NH3‐N in total silage N (p < 0.05). The relationships between hydrolysable and condensed tannins and the decline in butyrate and NH3‐N concentrations in the silages were of different magnitude (p < 0.05). A higher tannin concentration was associated with a decline in in vitro dry matter digestibility. It was concluded that tannins apparently have the ability to limit extensive proteolysis which may occur during ensiling and thus may improve the fermentative quality of silages. A desired side effect seems to be given by the tannins' apparent property to limit the activity of the butyrate‐producing microbes.
Feed is a main challenge for a livestock farm, especially during dry season when feed production is low. Such condition may cause low livestock productivity due to insufficient nutrient intake. Provision of high quality forages from grasses and legumes are limited by land competition for various developmental reasons. Therefore, an opportunity to provide feed for livestock is through utilization of agroindustrial by-products such as soy sauce by-product. The objective of the present study was to evaluate soy sauce by-product on addition of tannins, i.e., Acacia mangium Wild. (AT) and chestnut tannin (CT) using an in vitro rumen fermentation technique. The following treatments were tested: soy sauce by-product as control (R1), soy sauce by-product + 1% AT (R2), soy sauce by-product + 2% AT (R3), soy sauce by-product + 1% CT (R4) and soy sauce by-product + 2% CT (R5). The treatments were incubated in vitro with buffered-rumen fluid in four replicates, represented by three incubation units per replicate, and conducted for 24 h at 39 °C. Parameters measured in this research were in vitro gas production at regular time point intervals. Other parameters measured after the incubation were dry matter degradation, organic matter degradation, total volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia (NH3) and pH. Data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there was a significant different at P<0.05 then continued with Duncan’s multiple range test. The results of this study showed that the addition of tannins, both acacia and chestnuts, had no significant effect (p>0.05) to dry matter degradation, organic matter degradation, total volatile fatty acids (tVFA), NH3 and pH. Acacia tannin was able to influence (p<0.05) the accumulation of gas production at 8, 12 and 24 h. It can be concluded that the addition of tannin, both acacia and chestnuts up to level 2% does not interfere with the fermentation process of soy sauce by-product in the rumen an in vitro.
The process of transportation of animals from one to another area can lead to stress. Animals tend to reduce feed intake which then affects animal performance, so palatable feed is needed, with high energy content, and can speed up the body weight recovery process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of logistic feed (mash, silage, pellet, and wafer) compared with conventional feed on physiological parameters, blood metabolite profiles, and body weight recovery of tropical sheep pasca transportation. This study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and 6 replications using 30 male local sheep: P 0 = conventional feed (100% forage), P 1: Mash, P 2: Silage, P 3: Pellet, P 4: Wafer. The logistic feed has a significant effect on dry matter, crude protein and ether extract intake, blood glucose level, leukocytes lymphocyte, Neutrophil and Lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, and basophil level in sheep blood, total body weight gain, feed efficiency, and income over feed cost (P<0.05). A logistic feed can accelerate the increase in the body weight recovery process of sheep pasca transportation. Moreover, the provision of logistic feed in the form of silage resulted in the highest feed efficiency and income over feed costs.
Penyakit kulit menjadi salah satu isu penting pada peternakan karena dapat menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi akibat dampak zoonosis, penurunan kualitas dan harga jual ternak domba. Penyebab penyakit kulit seperti dermatofit dan infestasi ektoparasit menjadi perhatian serius. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi penyebab penyakit kulit pada ternak domba yang baru didatangkan ke peternakan guna membantu peternak agar tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam mengenali jenis penyakit kulit sehingga dapat membantu dokter hewan dalam penentuan penanggulangan yang tepat. Penelitian dilakukan pada 10 ekor domba yang baru hadir pada lokasi peternakan Kandangku, Bubulak Bogor yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 13 dan 23 September 2022. Teknik koleksi data primer diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan klinis dan pencatatan body condition score (BCS), hasil evaluasi mikroskopik dari sampel rambut dan kulit menggunakan metode kerokan kulit dan trichogram. Jika hasil mikroskopik menemukan spora jamur, selanjutnya dilakukan kultur dermatofit menggunakan Kruse Dermatophyte Test serta pemeriksaan sitologi kultur. Gejala klinis pada kedua penyebab penyakit kulit sangat serupa yakni alopesia, rambut rapuh, berketombe dan keropeng sedangkan rata-rata BCS sekitar 1.3. Hasil pemeriksaan kerokan kulit ditemukan ektoparasit Bovicola ovis pada dua ekor domba, hasil pemeriksaan trichogram berupa temuan spora jamur dermatofit ditemukan pada seluruh domba yang diteliti, sedangkan pemeriksaan lanjut kultur dermatofit menunjukkan hasil mikroskopik adanya bentuk hifa dan jenis konidia jamur non dermatofit yaitu Aspergillus sp. Pencegahan dan penanggulangan dini terhadap kedua penyebab penyakit kulit memerlukan perhatian untuk mencegah kerugian peternak diantaranya dengan peningkatan BCS melalui pemenuhan nutrisi hewan didukung dengan sanitasi.
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