One of the promising directions in the fight against the emergence and spread of farm animal microbiota resistance factors is the development and search for feed additives that can inhibit the SOSresponse. SOS-response is one of the main mechanisms of the occurrence of mutations in bacteria. Plants used in traditional medicine can be a promising source of safe substances that reduce the SOS-response of bacteria. A screening of plants potentially containing substances with antiSOS activity was performed. During the initial screening, the E. coli MG 1655 pRecA-lux biosensor strain with ciprofloxacin as RecA inducer was used. Seven plants were identified whose extracts reduced the expression of the RecA operon. In further experiments on bacteria exposed to antibiotics, we identified four plants whose exstracts significantly reduced the mutagenesis rate of clinical E. coli strains: Austrian broom (Cytisus austriacus), greater celandine (Chelidonium majus), walnut (Juglans regia) and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra).
This article examines the static and dynamic deformation of the stem of an ear of wheat and of the individual grain. The purpose of the article is to determine the factors of influence on the ear of wheat to isolate the grain. Two stages of grain ripening are considered: in the early stage, the grain is attached to the spike by the stem; in the second, there is no stem, and the grain is attached to the ear by the scales. The ear fluctuations are considered within the Euler–Bernoulli bar theory. The developed model divides the study of the dynamics of the stem of an ear and the dynamics of the grain into two stages. The first stage studies the dynamics of the plant as a whole, while the second stage studies the dynamics of an individual grain in a moving system associated with the ear in bending and vertical fluctuation forms. The model of the ear and the grain fluctuation uses the mechanical characteristics of elastic bonds and elastic bodies, which are determined by spring stiffness, elastic moduli, etc. The results show that in the vertical forms of grain fluctuation, the frequency of fluctuation is much higher than in the bending ones. This article presents the natural fluctuation frequencies of grain at full ripeness and in the early phases of maturation, at which point it is released from the ear.
The article presents an overview of perennial grain crops, gives a comparative characteristic of annual winter wheat and perennial grain crops such as Trititrigia (Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvelev), Thinopyrum intermedium, perennial rye (Secale cereale L) and perennial sorghum (Sorghum x derzhavinii Tzvel.). The study aims to consider the main perennial crops grown in Russia and in the world, to compare their quality indicators, sowing agrotechnical requirements, cultivation conditions, yields, and to justify the choice of perennial crops that meet the needs and climatic conditions of the Rostov region. Presented is the generalized information on the grain quality changes during maturation, ripeness phases of grain crops are considered. Based on the review, the optimal ripeness phases, at which it is advisable to harvest are presented. Literature review showed that in the phase of lactic (мoлoчнaя cпeлocть) and wax maturity (вocкoвaя cпeлocть) wheat grain contains the greatest amount of basic nutrients. It was found that perennial crops have a positive effect on the state of the soil: prevent its erosion and depletion; there is an accumulation of carbon, soil methane CH 4. Comparative characterization of perennial crops with annual crops shows increased protein content - on average 2-3% higher. Also considered are the green mass quality indicators of perennial crops as a source of nutrients in the feed-production technology.
The object of the study was an extruded feed made from an undivided grain heap of winter wheat, stripped in the phase of waxy ripeness. The use of this type of inexpensive raw material makes it possible to increase the protein content in feed by 7-8% in comparison with feed based on fully ripe grain. The process of extruding feed based on waxy ripeness wheat ears is satisfactory. It has been established that extruded feed based on a grain heap can be successfully used for feeding farm animals. To use extruded feed from wheat ears harvested in the phase of waxy ripeness, the addition of raw materials of animal origin in an amount of no more than 20% is required for feeding fish, which is less than for feed based on full ripeness wheat grain.
The article presents the results of a study of the effect of feed samples micronization on proteinogenic amino acids, such as: arginine, lysine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, leucine-isoleucine, methionine, valine, proline, tyrosine, serine, alanine. The optimal parameters of the micronization process of compound feed have been substantiated in order to increase the digestibility of feed and disinfection.
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