Review and analysis of perennial cereal crops at different maturity stages

Abstract

The article presents an overview of perennial grain crops, gives a comparative characteristic of annual winter wheat and perennial grain crops such as Trititrigia (Trititrigia cziczinii Tsvelev), Thinopyrum intermedium, perennial rye (Secale cereale L) and perennial sorghum (Sorghum x derzhavinii Tzvel.). The study aims to consider the main perennial crops grown in Russia and in the world, to compare their quality indicators, sowing agrotechnical requirements, cultivation conditions, yields, and to justify the choice of perennial crops that meet the needs and climatic conditions of the Rostov region. Presented is the generalized information on the grain quality changes during maturation, ripeness phases of grain crops are considered. Based on the review, the optimal ripeness phases, at which it is advisable to harvest are presented. Literature review showed that in the phase of lactic (мoлoчнaя cпeлocть) and wax maturity (вocкoвaя cпeлocть) wheat grain contains the greatest amount of basic nutrients. It was found that perennial crops have a positive effect on the state of the soil: prevent its erosion and depletion; there is an accumulation of carbon, soil methane CH 4. Comparative characterization of perennial crops with annual crops shows increased protein content - on average 2-3% higher. Also considered are the green mass quality indicators of perennial crops as a source of nutrients in the feed-production technology.

Mapping of Agricultural Land Use Change and Effect on Land Capability as a Basis for Land Use Direction in Nguntoronadi-Indonesia

“…Dry land turned into plantations is on a gentle slope of about 15-40%, this natural factor makes conversion and slope factors related to erosion vulnerability. This is in line with Rudoy et al, (2021) that annual plants can reduce erosion better than annuals, also annual plants have a positive effect on soil conditions such as preventing erosion, depletion of carbon accumulation, and methane CH4 in the soil. The conversion of garden land into dry fields that occurs in the research area may aim to prevent the lack of income for farmers, in line with Devianti, ( 2016) that the lack of economic income cannot meet needs so the conversion of garden land into dry fields.…”

Winter Wheat Mapping in Shandong Province of China with Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Images

“…Wheat is the grain crop with the widest distribution, the largest cultivated area and the highest production in the world [2,3]. Its global perennial planting area accounts for 32% of the world's cereal area, and its total production accounts for about 30% of the world's total cereal production [4,5]. As one of the world's three major grain crops, wheat plays an important role in the dietary structure of many other countries, such as China [6].…”

Investigation of the uniformity of seed distribution during sowing of winter wheat

“…At the same time, one of the qualitative indicators of sowing is the distribution of seeds along the length of the row [3][4][5][6], contributing to ensuring equal conditions for the area of nutrition of each plant. Its influence is especially pronounced taking into account the need to sow a wide range of crops at different seeding rates [7][8]. This indicator is influenced by the design parameters and operating modes of the seeding device.…”