Human activities significantly affect the content of substances in the atmosphere, their natural cycles and budget. One of the main characteristics of the level of air pollution is chemical composition of precipitation. They also serve as a significant source of various substances in marine and continental ecosystems, capable of changing their ecological state. The possible effect of precipitation on the underlying surface is estimated.
Human activity significantly affects the substances content in the atmosphere, their natural cycles and budget. The chemical composition of atmospherical condensation is one of the main characteristics of atmospheric air pollution level. But in addition they also serve as a significant source of various substances inflow in maritime and continental ecosystems, capable to change their ecological state. Mainly this fact determines the urgency of studying the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation.It is presented a comparative content characteristic of basic biogenic elements (inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus) in the atmospherical condensation in the background and urbanized areas on the Black Sea coast (v. Katsiveli and Sevastopol) and in the Rostov-on-Don region in May-September 2016. The difference of concentrations in condensations of background and urbanized regions is considered, the reasons of this difference are analyzed. The possible influence of condensations on the geological substate is estimated. It is shown that ammoniacal and nitrate were the basic forms of nitrogen in the atmospherical condensations of all observation points. In Rostov-on-Don, the content of ammonium was significantly higher than the content of nitrates, which can be explained by the entry of this element into the atmosphere from rice checks, located near the sampling site. The concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the atmospherical condensations of Rostov-on-Don exceeded the concentration in the Crimean coast region in 5 times, which may be connected with the influence of rice checks and a grain terminal near the sampling stations, as well as the introduction of phosphates into the atmosphere by winds blowing in the direction from the Salsky steppes.
Tsimlyansk Reservoir is the largest reservoir of the Rostov region and southern Russia. The main factors for the formation of the hydrochemical regime of the Tsimlyansk Reservoir are the chemical composition of the water entering the river runoff and its mixing with the water accumulated in the reservoir. The chemical composition of the surface waters of the Don River basin is characterized by great diversity, which is associated with anthropogenic factors and the difference in the physiographic conditions in which the formation of surface waters takes place. The main sources of pollution of the Don River surface waters are wastewater enterprises of housing and communal services, chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, agricultural and other industries, shipping and small fleet. The catchment area of the Don is located in the zone of insufficient moisture, which explains the cause of low-flow. The environmental situation in the Don basin, and especially on the Lower Don, is characterized as stressful, and when low-flow years and periods occur in the basin, there may be water shortages that manifest themselves not only in the lack of water of the required quality to meet the needs of the population and economy, but also in the impossibility preservation of necessary conditions for the existence of aquatic and riparian ecosystems. In this regard, the complex study of the hydrological and hydrochemical and hydrobiological conditions in the Tsimlyansk reservoir is becoming increasingly important. The purpose of the research was to study the current hydrochemical state of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, assess the dynamics of changes in the hydrochemical situation in the water column over the period from November 2011 to September 2018, and indirectly estimate the productivity of the Tsimlyansky reservoir water by chlorophyll "a". The published data were analyzed and compared with the results of our own research. The values of the N: P ratio during the observation period, in most cases, indicated the limitation of the primary production by nitrogen. The long-term dynamics of the content of the determined parameters under different water conditions did not have pronounced tendencies; in general, the concentrations of nutrients in all field research are comparable, subject to seasonal fluctuations, are in accordance with natural mechanisms and under anthropogenic influence.
Analysis results, obtained during the expeditionary researches along the Russian Black Sea coast in 2007-2008, showed that significant increase of the biogenic matters in the coastal zone in comparison with the sea zone is usually observed at the confluence of rivers, in cities and in the ports. The main critical zones of ecological risk in the Black Sea are formed in the places of river runoff influence. With the recreational load on beaches and coast the increase of biogenic matters in the sea waters of littoral zones occurs, the cases of unfavorable treatment on dissolved oxygen are observed, the contamination level tendency stabilization of sea inshore waters is preserved.
Scientific research works on studying the processes taking place in the Manych reservoirs are aimed not only at obtaining new scientific knowledge, but also assessing the impact of these changes on the species diversity dynamics and the structural and functional organization of communities of hydrobionts and semi-aquatic fauna, as well as developing measures for optimization of water-salt balance, ecological conditions of the Manych Cascade reservoirs bioresources conservation and reproduction. Information on the current mineralization and the ionic composition state of the Proletarian Reservoir waters is important to understand their origin, the possibility of using them for economic purposes, assessing their transformation, and their influence on the environment and biota. It was found that the total mineralization in the surveyed water area in the period of autumn observations remains at a high level (45 g / l), as in 2010 and 2011. (42.7 and 42.6 respectively). The waters at most stations were attributed to brines, the most western station-to the waters of high salinity. Class of waters is chloride, sodium group, type II. The observed lateral gradient of salinity in the surveyed section of the Proletarian Reservoir is the process of mixing waters with different salinity. The data obtained from expeditionary studies served as the basis for a database on the Proletarian Reservoir (Lake Manych-Gudilo) ecosystem state.
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