Abstract. In this article HEC-RAS used in hydrological processes modeling in the Don's Delta. We use digital terrain model (DTM) which is made by combining Japan DTM, topographic maps and channel data of the united navigable deep water system of European part of Russia. Modeling mesh covers Don's Delta area and consists more than 92 thousands cells. We use HEC-RAS for modeling 3 aspects -flow distribution in the delta's channels, periods of water changes for channels and flood modeling by the wind surge.
Human activities significantly affect the content of substances in the atmosphere, their natural cycles and budget. One of the main characteristics of the level of air pollution is chemical composition of precipitation. They also serve as a significant source of various substances in marine and continental ecosystems, capable of changing their ecological state. The possible effect of precipitation on the underlying surface is estimated.
Purpose. The aim of the study is to evaluate the surge phenomena effect on the heavy metals inflow to the Don Delta based on the archival and expedition data analysis, as well as using mathematical modeling. Methods and Results. To achieve the purpose, the Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) mathematical hydrodynamic model and the original model of the heavy metal compounds’ transfer and transformation in the Don Delta, developed by S. V. Berdnikov were applied. The models included the irregular grid for the Don Delta region with the average resolution 100 × 100 m. The grid cells were grouped into the compartments according to the hydrological principle. Twelve scenarios of dynamics of the suspended solids, and the dissolved and suspended forms of Ni, Cu, Pb and Cd were calculated for the surges of various intensity under the conditions of variable water content and seasonal dynamics of near-water vegetation. In accordance with the scenarios, the graphs showing the changes in the suspended matter content and accumulation, and the maps of the deposited substance distribution resulted from the surges in the delta were constructed. During two days the calculations for which include the surges of varying repeatability and the variable water content, about 0.3–3 t of nickel compounds, 0.1–1.8 t of copper compounds, 0.2–1.8 t of lead compounds and 0.01–0.04 t of cadmium ones deposit in Don. The obtained results made it possible to reveal two regions where the increased accumulation of the precipitated suspended matter and the heightened concentrations of the heavy metal dissolved forms were observed: the interfluve of the Don shipping channel, and the systems of the Kalancha and Kuterma river branches. Conclusions. As for their influence upon formation of the flow of the heavy metal suspended forms, the surge phenomena surpass the river flow. The suspended matter concentration in the Taganrog Bay waters during the surges is the governing factor for the heavy metals inflow to the Don Delta. At the same time, the regions characterized by the highest suspended solids sedimentation and the increased concentrations of the heavy metal dissolved forms are the closest to the Taganrog Bay areas covered by reed vegetation.
Human activity significantly affects the substances content in the atmosphere, their natural cycles and budget. The chemical composition of atmospherical condensation is one of the main characteristics of atmospheric air pollution level. But in addition they also serve as a significant source of various substances inflow in maritime and continental ecosystems, capable to change their ecological state. Mainly this fact determines the urgency of studying the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation.It is presented a comparative content characteristic of basic biogenic elements (inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus) in the atmospherical condensation in the background and urbanized areas on the Black Sea coast (v. Katsiveli and Sevastopol) and in the Rostov-on-Don region in May-September 2016. The difference of concentrations in condensations of background and urbanized regions is considered, the reasons of this difference are analyzed. The possible influence of condensations on the geological substate is estimated. It is shown that ammoniacal and nitrate were the basic forms of nitrogen in the atmospherical condensations of all observation points. In Rostov-on-Don, the content of ammonium was significantly higher than the content of nitrates, which can be explained by the entry of this element into the atmosphere from rice checks, located near the sampling site. The concentration of inorganic phosphorus in the atmospherical condensations of Rostov-on-Don exceeded the concentration in the Crimean coast region in 5 times, which may be connected with the influence of rice checks and a grain terminal near the sampling stations, as well as the introduction of phosphates into the atmosphere by winds blowing in the direction from the Salsky steppes.
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