Revealing the Surge Phenomena Contribution of the Heavy Metals Inflow to the River Don Delta

Abstract

Purpose. The aim of the study is to evaluate the surge phenomena effect on the heavy metals inflow to the Don Delta based on the archival and expedition data analysis, as well as using mathematical modeling. Methods and Results. To achieve the purpose, the Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) mathematical hydrodynamic model and the original model of the heavy metal compounds’ transfer and transformation in the Don Delta, developed by S. V. Berdnikov were applied. The models included the irregular grid for the Don Delta region with the average resolution 100 × 100 m. The grid cells were grouped into the compartments according to the hydrological principle. Twelve scenarios of dynamics of the suspended solids, and the dissolved and suspended forms of Ni, Cu, Pb and Cd were calculated for the surges of various intensity under the conditions of variable water content and seasonal dynamics of near-water vegetation. In accordance with the scenarios, the graphs showing the changes in the suspended matter content and accumulation, and the maps of the deposited substance distribution resulted from the surges in the delta were constructed. During two days the calculations for which include the surges of varying repeatability and the variable water content, about 0.3–3 t of nickel compounds, 0.1–1.8 t of copper compounds, 0.2–1.8 t of lead compounds and 0.01–0.04 t of cadmium ones deposit in Don. The obtained results made it possible to reveal two regions where the increased accumulation of the precipitated suspended matter and the heightened concentrations of the heavy metal dissolved forms were observed: the interfluve of the Don shipping channel, and the systems of the Kalancha and Kuterma river branches. Conclusions. As for their influence upon formation of the flow of the heavy metal suspended forms, the surge phenomena surpass the river flow. The suspended matter concentration in the Taganrog Bay waters during the surges is the governing factor for the heavy metals inflow to the Don Delta. At the same time, the regions characterized by the highest suspended solids sedimentation and the increased concentrations of the heavy metal dissolved forms are the closest to the Taganrog Bay areas covered by reed vegetation.