Sweet sorghum is a bioenergy crop that produces high amount of ethanol per hectare even under semi-arid conditions, serving as an alternative to sugarcane inter-season in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of planting density on the physiological quality of sweet sorghum seeds. Two sweet sorghum cultivars (BRS 506 and SF-15) were submitted to a spacing of 50, 60, 70 and 80 cm between rows, and 8, 12 and 16 cm between plants. The experimental design was of randomised blocks with four replications in a 2 x 4 x 3 factorial scheme, comprising two cultivars, four row spacings and three spacings between plants. The following were evaluated from the collected panicles: seed quantity, 100 seed weight, water content, germination, first germination count and speed of germination, accelerated ageing, and seedling vigour. It was found that both the cultivar and the arrangement of plants in the field affect the physiological quality of sweet sorghum seeds. The BRS 506 cultivar is recommended for seed production under semi-arid conditions, at a spacing of 16 cm between plants and 80 cm between rows, and a density of 78,125 plants per hectare.
POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DE EXTRATOS DE Cyperus rotundus L. NA GERMINAÇÃO E ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI Este trabalho investigou os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos de Cyperus rotundus L. na germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Extratos alcoólicos nas concentrações 0; 1,5%; 3,0%; 4,5%; 6,0%; 7,5% e 9,0%, obtidos a partir da trituração de folhas de C. rotundus L. foram utilizados para umedecimento das folhas de papel toalha “germitest”. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo F e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey e Kruscal-Wallis, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. A primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz, comprimento da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz do feijão-caupi foram analisados de forma paramétrica, sendo constatado que apenas houve significância na variável primeira contagem e uma redução na germinação em relação ao tratamento controle em torno de 10%. Nas condições em que essa pesquisa foi realizada, os extratos alcoólicos de C. rotundus L. não afetam a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de feijão-caupi.Palavras-chave: tiririca, alelopatia, interferência, plantas daninhas. ABSTRACT:This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts on seed germination and early development of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Alcoholic extracts at concentrations of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6.0%, 7.5%, and 9.0% were obtained by crushing C. rotundus L. leaves used to moisten the “germitest” paper sheets. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and also both Tukey and Kruscal-Wallis tests were carried out at 5% for the data means. The first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and dry root weight of cowpea were parametrically analyzed. The only variable with significance was first germination count. The germination reducted in relation to the control treatment around 10%. Thus, in the conditions used in this research, alcoholic extracts of C. rotundus L. did not affect either seed germination or early growth of cowpea seedlings.Keywords: nut grass, allelopathy, interference, weeds. DOI:
-The aim of this study was to evaluate physiological quality in seeds of sweet sorghum grown under semi-arid conditions, and to determine the age of physiological maturity of the seeds as a function of the foliar application of potassium silicate. The experiment was carried out at the Curu Valley Experimental Farm, in Pentecoste in the state of Ceará, during the rainy seasons of 2014 and 2015. The BRS 506 and BRS 511 varieties were used, under foliar fertilisation with potassium silicate at doses of 500, 1000 and 1500 mL.ha -1 , in addition to the control lots (with no application); harvesting was at four periods, 30, 37, 44 and 51 days after full bloom (DAB). The percentage and speed of germination were evaluated, together with the accelerated ageing test and seedling growth. The seeds presented greater than 90% germination from 37 DAB, reaching high seedling vigour at 51 DAB. Foliar fertilisation with potassium silicate under the conditions of the experiment resulted in an increase in the physiological quality of the seeds. The BRS 506 and BRS 511 cultivars displayed the highest physiological quality between 49 and 53 DAF.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor. Germination. Vigour. MATURAÇÃO FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE SORGO SACARINO NO SEMIÁRIDO EM FUNÇÃO DA ADUBAÇÃO FOLIAR SILICATADARESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de sorgo sacarino cultivado em condição semiárida, procurando-se determinar a época de maturidade fisiológica das sementes em função da aplicação foliar com silicato de potássio. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, Pentecoste -CE no período de chuvas dos anos de 2014 e 2015. Utilizaram-se as variedades BRS 506 e BRS 511 sob adubação foliar com silicato de potássio nas doses 500; 1000 e 1500 mL.ha -1, além das parcelas controle (sem aplicação) e com colheita realizada em quatro épocas (30, 37, 44 e 51 dias após a plena floração (DAF)). Foram avaliados as porcentagens e velocidade de germinação, o teste de envelhecimento acelerado e o crescimento de plântulas. As sementes obtiveram germinação acima de 90% a partir dos 37 dias DAF, atingindo alto vigor de plântulas aos 51 dias APF. A adubação foliar com silicato de potássio nas condições aplicadas promoveu acréscimo na qualidade fisiológica das sementes. As cultivares BRS 506 e BRS 511 apresentam o máximo de qualidade fisiológica entre 49 e 53 dias DAF.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor. Germinação. Vigor.
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