Although the consumption of açaí (Euterpe oleracea) pulp has long been an important component of the diet of the peoples from the Amazon, the açaí palm tree has recently attracted economic and scientific interest because of its vast array of bioactive compounds found in the fruit pericarp. The açaí seeds are the largest byproduct after pulp extraction and have potential for use in ethanol production, but this process is hindered by limited knowledge of seed biology, chemical composition and pattern reserve deposition during seed development. The aim of this work was to describe the morphoanatomical development of the seeds, as well as to identify the main organic compounds stored in the seeds. To achieve this goal, histological and histochemical analyses were performed on developing seeds. Results showed the seed is albuminous, bitegmic and that ingrowths of the seed coat give rise to a ruminate endosperm. Moreover, the nutritive reserves of açaí seeds are found in the endosperm thickened cell walls as reserve polysaccharides. Our findings provide information for future studies dealing with reproductive biology, propagation and the improvement of this profitable crop.
Alterações anatômicas em folhas e raízes deResumo -A espécie Jatropha curcas L. está entre as mais destacadas fontes de grãos oleaginosos, com baixa exigência hídrica e nutricional, sendo promissora para regiões áridas e semiáridas, em geral sujeitas à salinização do solo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações salinas, sobre a anatomia de folhas e raízes de Jatropha curcas. Cinqüenta sementes foram semeadas em bandejas, e as plântulas transferidas para potes com capacidade para 5 litros, o ensaio foi conduzido em casa de vegetação. Após 21 dias da germinação, as plantas foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos salinos: 25; 50; 75; 100; 150 e 200 mM de NaCl, além do controle (0 mM de NaCl), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições por tratamento. Ao final do 32º dia de tratamento, a terceira folha e raízes, medindo aproximadamente 5 cm de comprimento, foram coletadas e fixadas em FAA 50. Seções transversais da porção mediana da nervura central da folha e da região mediana da raiz foram cortadas e coradas com safrablau. Foram observadas na folha redução no número de células do xilema e floema e alterações em sua distribuição, em função do aumento das concentrações de sal na solução. Nas raízes observou-se que, quanto mais alta a concentração salina, maior a lignificação das células xilemáticas e endodérmicas, e maior a redução no diâmetro e no número de elementos de vaso. Portanto, ocorrem alterações anatômicas em folhas e raízes das plantas quando cultivadas sob altas concentrações salinas.Palavras-chave -Pinhão-manso. Morfologia. Cloreto de sódio. Abstract -The species Jatropha curcas L. is among the most prominent sources of oilseeds, with low water requirement and nutrition, and promising to arid and semiarid regions, usually subject to soil salinization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different salt concentrations on the anatomy of leaves and roots of Jatropha curcas. Fifty seeds were sown in trays and the seedlings transferred to pots with a capacity of 5 liters, the test was conducted in a greenhouse. After 21 days of germination, the plants were subjected to the following saline treatments: 25; 50; 75; 100; 150 and 200 mM NaCl, and the control (0 mM NaCl) in a randomized design with five replicates per treatment. At the end of the 32 days of treatment, the third leaf and roots measuring approximately 5 cm in length, were collected and fixed in FAA 50. Transverse sections from the leaves middle portion and the middle region of the root were cut and stained with safrablau. Were observed the reduction in xylem and phloem leaf cells and changes in their distribution as a function of increasing concentrations of salt in the solution. In roots it was observed that the high salt concentration increased xylem cells and endoderm lignification and reduced diameter and number of vessel elements. Thus, the species studied has considerable anatomical changes in leaves and roots when grown under high salt concentrations.
POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DE EXTRATOS DE Cyperus rotundus L. NA GERMINAÇÃO E ESTABELECIMENTO DE PLÂNTULAS DE FEIJÃO-CAUPI Este trabalho investigou os efeitos alelopáticos de extratos de Cyperus rotundus L. na germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Extratos alcoólicos nas concentrações 0; 1,5%; 3,0%; 4,5%; 6,0%; 7,5% e 9,0%, obtidos a partir da trituração de folhas de C. rotundus L. foram utilizados para umedecimento das folhas de papel toalha “germitest”. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo F e as médias comparadas pelos testes de Tukey e Kruscal-Wallis, ambos a 5% de probabilidade. A primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de raiz, comprimento da parte aérea e massa seca da raiz do feijão-caupi foram analisados de forma paramétrica, sendo constatado que apenas houve significância na variável primeira contagem e uma redução na germinação em relação ao tratamento controle em torno de 10%. Nas condições em que essa pesquisa foi realizada, os extratos alcoólicos de C. rotundus L. não afetam a germinação de sementes e crescimento inicial das plântulas de feijão-caupi.Palavras-chave: tiririca, alelopatia, interferência, plantas daninhas. ABSTRACT:This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic effects of Cyperus rotundus L. extracts on seed germination and early development of seedlings of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. Alcoholic extracts at concentrations of 0, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, 6.0%, 7.5%, and 9.0% were obtained by crushing C. rotundus L. leaves used to moisten the “germitest” paper sheets. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and also both Tukey and Kruscal-Wallis tests were carried out at 5% for the data means. The first germination count, germination speed index, root length, shoot length, and dry root weight of cowpea were parametrically analyzed. The only variable with significance was first germination count. The germination reducted in relation to the control treatment around 10%. Thus, in the conditions used in this research, alcoholic extracts of C. rotundus L. did not affect either seed germination or early growth of cowpea seedlings.Keywords: nut grass, allelopathy, interference, weeds. DOI:
The aim of the present study was to induce the formation of somatic embryos in protocorms from Phalaenopsis Classic Spotted Pink hybrids at two physiological maturation stages, namely: 80 and 120 days after seed inoculation (DASI). Protocorms were inoculated in ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 ANA and 3 mg L-1 TDZ. Protocorms were inoculated 120 days after sowing were more developed at the 15th cultivation day due to the formation of pro-embryogenic structures. It was possible seeing the formation of globular- and torpedo-stage somatic embryos at the 30th day of cultivation in somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction medium. The protocorms inoculated at the 80th DASI did not formed somatic embryos; they oxidized 20 days after cultivation in SE-induction medium. The formation of somatic embryos happened directly on the explant, thus characterizing a direct somatic embryogenesis. The embryos converted into plants when the somatic embryos were transferred to the nutrient medium containing no growth regulator. Therefore, it was concluded that the somatic embryos induction from protocorms 120 days after sowing was positive, since the embryos were able to become plants and presented vegetative organs with morphological traits similar to those of the matrix plant.
The objective of this work was to determine quality, bioactive content and metabolism of vitamin C and phenolic compounds during the development of acerola BRS 238 (Frutacor). Fruits were harvested at five different stages of maturation and evaluated for physical-chemical and chemical quality characteristics, as well as for the metabolism of vitamin C and polyphenols variables. During development, there was an increase in SS/AT ratio, a decrease in chlorophyll content, increase in carotenoids content, and a decline in vitamin C and polyphenols content, alhhtough of yellow flavonoids and anthocyanins content increased. The enzyme activity of vitamin C metabolism, ascorbate oxide (AO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) decreased with ripening, while for phenolic metabolism, the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) increased and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) decreased. It can be concluded that the fruits of aceroleira BRS 238 had a high content of bioactive compounds. For industrial extraction of bioactive compounds, fruits must be harvested at the initial stages, while for fresh consumption, they must be harvested in the final stages of development.
Citation/Citar este artículo como: Ulisses C, Pereira JAF, Silva SS, Arruda E, Morais M. Indução e histologia de embriões somáticos primários e secundários do híbrido Phalaenopsis Classic Spotted Pink (Orchidaceae). Acta biol. Colomb. 2016;21(3):571-580. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v21n3.50032 RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivos induzir a formação de embriões somáticos in vitro no híbrido Phalaenopsis Classic Spotted Pink, utilizando diferentes meios nutritivos e avaliar a morfologia interna desses embriões por meio de análises histológicas e histoquímicas. Folhas jovens de plantas cultivadas in vitro foram utilizadas como explantes para indução de embriões somáticos em diferentes meios nutritivos: New Dogashima Medium, contendo ANA (0,537μM) e BAP (4,440μM), acrescido de phytagel e com pH 5,8 (NDM) e o Murashige & Skoog com a metade da concentração dos sais, acrescido de ANA (0,537μM) e TDZ (13,621μM), gelificado com gelrite e o pH 5,2 (½ MS). Embriões somáticos primários foram obtidos aos 90 dias de cultivo no meio ½MS e foram transferidos para o mesmo meio para obtenção de embriões secundários. Os embriões somáticos primários e secundários foram subcultivados para meio MS com metade da concentração de sais, sem fitoregulador submetidos a fotoperíodo de 16 horas, o qual estimulou a produção de clorofila tanto nos embriões primários como secundários, promovendo o desenvolvimento desses em protocormos e posteriormente em plantas. As análises histológicas demonstraram que os embriões somáticos foram formados diretamente das camadas epidérmicas dos explantes, sem passar pela fase de calo, caracterizando embriogênese somática direta. Os métodos histoquímicos utilizados possibilitaram evidenciar a deposição de amido e lipídeos nas células embriogênicas em decorrência de mecanismos fisiológicos, permitindo o desenvolvimento dos embriões primários e secundários em plantas. Portanto, o meio ½ MS acrescido de ANA (0,537μM) e TDZ (13,621μM), gelificado com gelrite e o pH 5,2 promoveu a obtenção de embriões primários e secundários com capacidade para regenerar plantas apresentando características morfológicas semelhantes a planta matriz.Palavras-chave: anatomia, cultivo in vitro, histoquímica, orquídea.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.