Abstract:The Indian clove, Syzygium aromaticum [L] Merr. et Perry, has been popularly used in the treatment of several diseases. A more recent use of this spice in Brazil is a homemade formulation, based on the ethanolic extraction of the dried flower buds of S. aromaticum, which has shown to be efficient as mosquitoes repellent. Here we evaluated, through the development of a GC analytical technique, the concentrations of the main components of the ethanolic extract of Indian cloves (eugenol and eugenyl acetate), and possible responsible for the repellent activity, in this homemade formulation. Our results corroborated the efficiency of this protocol to extract eugenol and eugenyl acetate and established the ideal conditions for extraction.Keywords: Eugenol; quantification; eugenyl acetate; repellent; indian cloves. ResumoO cravo-da-índia, Syzygium aromaticum [L] Merr. Perry et, é popularmente usado no tratamento de várias doenças. Uma utilização mais recente dessa especiaria no Brasil é uma formulação caseira, com base na extração de etanol dos botões florais secos de S. aromaticum, que se mostrou eficiente como repelente contra mosquitos. Aqui nós avaliamos por meio do desenvolvimento de uma técnica analítica utilizando CG, as concentrações dos principais componentes do extrato etanólico do cravo (eugenol e acetato de eugenila), possíveis responsáveis pela atividade repelente, nesta formulação caseira. Nossos resultados corroboram a eficiência deste protocolo para extrair eugenol e acetato de eugenila, e estabeleceu as condições ideais para extração, além da caracterização dos compostos.Palavras-chave: Eugenol; quantificação; acetato de eugenila; repelentes; cravo da Índia.
ResumoO objetivo foi caracterizar a morfometria de frutos e sementes, identificar o melhor tratamento de superação de dormência, a melhor temperatura de germinação e avaliar o potencial de armazenamento de sementes de Caesalpinia pulcherrima, uma espécie arbóreo-arbustiva, utilizada como cerca viva, quebra vento e de amplo uso medicinal e paisagístico. Para a caracterização morfométrica, determinouse o comprimento, espessura, largura, massa de 1000 sementes, número de sementes por fruto, coloração, formato e localização do hilo e da micrópila, tipo de embrião, sua localização e tipo de germinação. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi avaliada em função de diferentes tratamentos de superação de dormência, temperaturas e condições de armazenamento. Os ensaios foram instalados sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. O fruto é do tipo legume, deiscente, polispérmico, contendo em média sete sementes, que apresentam formato oblongo-ovalado, embrião axial linear, com 9,6 mm de comprimento, 7,3 mm de largura por 3,3 mm de espessura. A escarificação mecânica das sementes em lado oposto à micrópila e a temperatura de 30 0 C constituíram no melhor tratamento germinativo. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi mantida por 270 dias, quando armazenadas com grau de umidade de 7%, independente da embalagem e condições de armazenamento. Palavras-chave: Maravilha, morfologia, dormência, armazenamento AbstractThe work had as objective to do a morphometric characterization of the fruits and seeds, to identify the best treatments to overcome dormancy, identify the best temperature for germination and also evaluate adequate conditions for storing the seeds of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.), which is a specie used for live fences, windbreakers, medicinal applications and urban landscaping. It was determined the biometrics measurements (length, width end thickness) and embryo type, weight of 1000 seeds, number of seeds per fruit, color, shape and micropyle and hlium position. It was evaluated the effect of different treatments to dormancy overcome, temperatures of germination and storing conditions. The
R E S U M OO objetivo do trabalho foi verificar possíveis efeitos alelopáticos exercidos por extratos aquosos de folhas de cumaru (Amburana cearensis) e malva-santa (Plectranthus barbatus) sobre a germinação de sementes de caruru (Amaranthus deflexus). As sementes de caruru foram colocadas para germinar em placas de petri em contato com extratos vegetais aquosos obtidos a partir de folhas de cumaru e malva-santa sob dois métodos de preparação -extrato aquoso das folhas frescas e extrato aquoso por infusão das folhas secas -e duas dosagens -50 e 100 g L -1 . Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições e uma testemunha isolada compondo um fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 + 1. Foi determinada a porcentagem final e o índice de velocidade de germinação. A análise dos dados revelou diferença entre os tratamentos e a testemunha, condicionando graus diferentes de alelopatia para os extratos usados afetando drasticamente a germinação do caruru. O extrato a base de folhas frescas de cumaru apresenta alto nível de alelopatia de modo a impedir quase que completamente a germinação do caruru. A dose, com efeito, mais prejudicial para a germinação do caruru foi a de 100 g L -1 . Palavras-chave: Alelopatia; caruru; folhas frescas; infusão A B S T R A C TThe objective was to verify possible allelopathic effects exerted by aqueous extracts of leaves of Amburana cearensis and Plectranthus barbatus on the seed germination of the weed Amaranthus deflexus. A. deflexus seeds were put to germinate in Petri plates containing aqueous plant extracts obtained from A. cearensis and P. barbatus leaves under two tillage methods -aqueous extract from fresh leaves and aqueous extract by infusion of dried leaves -and two dosages -50 and 100 g L -1 . We used a completely randomized design with 4 replications and a detached witness composing a factorial 2 x 2 x 2 + 1. It was determined the final percentage and germination speed index. Data analysis revealed differences between treatments and the witness, conditioning different allelopathy levels for the extracts used, dramatically affecting the germination of A. deflexus. The A. cearensis fresh leaves extracts has a high level of allelopathy since they prevent almost completely the germination of the weed A. deflexus. The most damaging dosage for germination of A. deflexus was 100 g L -1 .
Sweet sorghum is a bioenergy crop that produces high amount of ethanol per hectare even under semi-arid conditions, serving as an alternative to sugarcane inter-season in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of planting density on the physiological quality of sweet sorghum seeds. Two sweet sorghum cultivars (BRS 506 and SF-15) were submitted to a spacing of 50, 60, 70 and 80 cm between rows, and 8, 12 and 16 cm between plants. The experimental design was of randomised blocks with four replications in a 2 x 4 x 3 factorial scheme, comprising two cultivars, four row spacings and three spacings between plants. The following were evaluated from the collected panicles: seed quantity, 100 seed weight, water content, germination, first germination count and speed of germination, accelerated ageing, and seedling vigour. It was found that both the cultivar and the arrangement of plants in the field affect the physiological quality of sweet sorghum seeds. The BRS 506 cultivar is recommended for seed production under semi-arid conditions, at a spacing of 16 cm between plants and 80 cm between rows, and a density of 78,125 plants per hectare.
ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to study the seed germination and seedling growth of A. cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm. influenced by seed weight and under different temperature and light conditions. Seeds were individually weighed and divided into three weight classes (light, medium and heavy), and each was subjected to germination tests under two light conditions (presence or absence) and six temperature regimes (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 20-30°C). The experiment was established with a completely randomized design in a split-split plot arrangement with four replicates. We determined the first count, final germination percentage and germination speed index. To assess seedling growth, the length and dry mass of the epicotyl and root + hypocotyl axis were also determined. The data were subjected to Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). The optimal conditions for seed germination occurred at a temperature of 30°C, with light and medium seeds showing greater vigour. Temperatures of 35 and 40°C were detrimental to the growth of the species, whereas the best conditions occurred with light and medium seeds at temperatures of 25 and 30°C in the presence of light.Keywords: cumaru, abiotic factors, seed vigour.Germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas de Amburana cearensis em função do peso da semente, luz e temperatura RESUMO. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a germinação de sementes e o crescimento de plântulas de Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A. C. Sm. em função do peso das sementes sob diferentes condições de temperatura e luz. As sementes foram pesadas individualmente e separadas em três classes (leves, médias e pesadas), e cada uma foi submetida a testes de germinação em duas condições de luz (presença e ausência) e seis regimes de temperatura (20, 25, 30, 35, 40 e 20-30°C). O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado em parcela subsubdividida com quatro repetições. Nós determinamos a primeira contagem, porcentagem final e o índice de velocidade de germinação. Para a avaliação do crescimento das plântulas, o comprimento e a massa seca do epicótilo e do eixo raiz/hipocótilo. As condições ótimas para a germinação das sementes ocorreram na temperatura de 30°C e com um maior vigor com sementes leves e médias. As temperaturas de 35 e 40°C foram prejudiciais ao crescimento da espécie, enquanto as melhores condições ocorreram com as sementes leves e médias nas temperaturas de 25 e 30°C e na presença de luz.Palavras-chave: cumaru, fatores abióticos, vigor de sementes.
This study aims the anatomical description and chemical characterization of aerial parts of Clusia criuva Cambess., Clusiaceae in addition to the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of crude extracts, correlated to the flavonoid content. The morphological characterization was performed using traditional techniques of plant anatomy. For phytochemical studies, crude extracts were obtained by static maceration and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The antioxidant activity and the flavonoids content were determined by colorimetric methods involving, respectively, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical and aluminum chloride. C. criuva has uniseriate epidermis, paracytic stomata, hypostomatic leaves, cuticular flanges and cordiform vascular cylinder with accessory bundles. Chemical prospecting confirmed the abundant presence of terpenes and phenols in the extracts of leaves and of fruits. The methanolic extract of seeds showed the lowest EC 50 value, but the methanolic extract of pericarps exhibited the highest maximum antioxidant activity. The results suggested a high percentage of flavonoids in the hexanic extract of pericarps, however, this could represent, in fact, the presence of benzophenones. Secretory ducts and the shape of the midrib are diagnostic for C. criuva. The antioxidant activity is not directly related to the flavonoids. The results indicate the importance of future studies with C. criuva chemical constituents.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.